Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control

Question 1

What are the types of direct contact in transmission of diseases?

Answer 1

1. Person to person
2. Mother to baby
3. Respiratory
4. Droplets (larger than respiratory)
5. Direct contact with the lesions/ touching

Question 2

Give examples of diseases transmitted from person to person.

Answer 2

Gonorrhoea, chlamydia

Question 3

Give examples of diseases transmitted from mother to baby.

Answer 3

Hep B, HIV

Question 4

Give examples of diseases transmitted via respiratory route.

Answer 4

Chicken pox, mumps

Question 5

Give examples of diseases transmitted via droplets.

Answer 5

TB

Question 6

Give examples of diseases transmitted via direct contact with the lesions.

Answer 6

Impetigo, ringworm, scabies

Question 7

What are the types of indirect contact?

Answer 7

1. Airborne (small droplets that can get airborne and float around in the air)
2. Contaminated food and water
3. Animal to person
4. Insect bites
5. Soil, environment

Question 8

Give an example of airborne transmitted diseases.

Answer 8

Measles

Question 9

Give examples of diseases transmitted via contaminated food and water.

Answer 9

Cholera, Hep A

Question 10

Give an example of disease transmitted from animals to humans.

Answer 10

Rabies

Question 11

Give examples of diseases transmitted via insect bites.

Answer 11

Malaria, Lyme disease, dengue fever, zika virus

Question 12

Give examples of diseases transmitted via soil or environment.

Answer 12

Legionnaires’ disease

Question 13

What makes the disease a public health concern?

Answer 13

High mortality- Rabies
High morbidity- Meningococcal disease, legionnaires’ disease, E coli
Highly contagious- Measles, influenza
Expensive to treat- HIV
Effective interventions available- Hepatitis B

NOT
Obesity, common cold, allergic bronchitis, angular stomatitis, urinary tract infection

Question 14

Define disease notification.

Answer 14

If a registered medical practitioner becomes aware, or suspects that a patient is suffering from a notifiable disease or food poisoning, he shall send to the proper officer, a certificate.

Question 15

Facts on disease notification.

Answer 15

The proper officer is usually the consultant communicable disease control
Have to notify all suspected disease, not after it is confirmed
Notify via written notification to be received within 3 days. If urgent, notify via phone
STIs do not need to be notified this way except for Hepatitis B. The rest will be notified via GUM

Question 16

List of notifiable disease.

Answer 16

Acute encephalitis
Acute infectious hepatitis
Acute meningitis
Acute poliomyelitis
Anthrax
Botulism
Brucellosis
Cholera
Diphtheria
Enteric fever (typhoid or paratyphoid fever)
Food poisoning
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS)
Infectious bloody diarrhoea
Invasive group A streptococcal disease
Legionnaires’ disease
Leprosy
Malaria
Measles
Meningococcal septicaemia
Mumps
Plague
Rabies
Rubella
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Scarlet fever
Smallpox
Tetanus
Tuberculosis
Typhus
Viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF)
Whooping cough
Yellow fever

Question 17

Define surveillance.

Answer 17

The continuous monitoring of the frequency and the distribution of disease and death due to infections that can be transmitted from human to human or from animals, water or the environment to humans and monitoring risk factors for those infections.

Question 18

What are the objectives of surveillance?

Answer 18

To establish the baseline rate
To allow identification of outbreaks
To monitor efficacy of immunisation programmes

Question 19

What are the roles of CCDC?

Answer 19

Surveillance
Prevention
Control

Question 20

Define cluster.

Answer 20

An aggregation of cases which may or may not be linked

Question 21

What are the features of suspected outbreak?

Answer 21

• Occurrence of more cases of disease than normally expected within a specific place or group of people over a given period of time
• 2 or more cases which are linked through common exposure, personal characteristics, time or location
• A single case of a rare or serious disease such as diphtheria, rabies, viral haemorrhagic fever or polio