GU

Question 1

Give 4 differentials for the acute scrotum.

Answer 1

1. Testicular torsion.
2. Epididymo-orchitis.
3. Trauma.
4. Acute hydrocele.
5. Idiopathic scrotal oedema.

Question 2

Give 5 signs and symptoms of testicular torsion.

Answer 2

Pain is usually severe and of sudden onset
The pain may be referred to the lower abdomen
Nausea and vomiting may be present
On examination there is usually a swollen, tender testis retracted upwards. The skin may be reddended
cremasteric reflex is lost and elevation of the testis does not ease the pain

Question 3

In what age groups is testicular torsion more common?

Answer 3

Neonates and peri-pubertal.

Question 4

What is hypospadias?

Answer 4

When the urethral opening is on the under side of the penis.

Question 5

Give 2 differentials for a groin swelling in children.

Answer 5

1. Hernia.

2. Hydrocele.

Question 6

What is the hydatid?

Answer 6

The ‘appendix of the testicle’ - it is an embryological remnant of the Mullerian duct.