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Pathophys - Nat > Endocrine/Metabolic > Flashcards

Endocrine/Metabolic Flashcards

1
Q

most important glucocorticoid

A

cortisol

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2
Q

cortisol is produced in the zona ___ of the adrenal ___

A

reticularis (middle layer); cortex

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3
Q

neurohypophysis is aka

A

posterior pituitary

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4
Q

which portion of pituitary gland is made up of neural tissue

A

posterior pituitary (NEUROhypophysis)

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5
Q

hormones of the posterior pituitary

A

ADH (aka vasopressin) and oxytocin

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6
Q

true or false: the posterior pituitary produces ADH and oxytocin

A

false

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7
Q

location where ADH and oxytocin are produced

A

hypothalamus

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8
Q

anterior pituitary is aka

A

adenohypophysis

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9
Q

connection between hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

A

portal vasculature

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10
Q

connection between hypothalamus and posterior pituitary

A

nerves

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11
Q

ADH is released from

A

posterior pituitary

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12
Q

names of gonadotropic hormones

A

FSH - follicle stimulating hormone
LH - luteinizing hormone
ICTH - interstitial cell stimulating hormone (male analog of LH)

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13
Q

TSH is released from

A

anterior pituitary

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14
Q

ACTH is released from

A

anterior pituitary

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15
Q

most water-soluble (non-steroid) hormones activate this kind of receptor

A

g-protein-linked

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16
Q

insulin activates this kind of receptor

A

tyrosine kinase; GLUT-4

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17
Q

hyperpituitarism (and subsequent GH elevation) in adults is called

A

acromegaly

18
Q

hyperpituitarism (and subsequent GH elevation) in children is called

A

giantism

19
Q

secondary hypo/hyperthyroidism

A

TH/T3/T4 abnormalities caused by disorder of anterior pituitary
*think “above” the thyroid

20
Q

primary hypo/hyperthyroidism

A

TH/T3/T4 abnormalities caused by disorder of thyroid gland itself (or iodine deficiency)
*think “below” the HPA

21
Q

structure of thyroid gland

A

follicles composed of follicular cells

22
Q

fluid substance in between thyroid follicular cells

A

colloid

23
Q

neurons terminate where on the thyroid? what effect does this have?

A

follicular blood vessels and on the follicular cells themselves – allows catecholamine activity effects

24
Q

thyrotoxicosis definition

A

any condition causing hypersecretion of thyroid hormones

25
Q

Grave’s disease is the result of:

A

autoimmune stimulation of thyroid gland to over-produce T3 and T4

26
Q

most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism

A

Grave’s disease

27
Q

Grave’s disease changes in TSH and TRH levels

A

suppression

28
Q

nodular thyroid follicles [always/do not always] cause hyperthyroidism

A

do not always – nontoxic goiter

29
Q

etio of exophthalmos

A

orbital fat accumulation and inflammation with edema of orbital contents – causes all kinds of visual changes

30
Q

normal enlargement of thyroid gland can be caused by:

A

pregnancy, stress, puberty, iodide deficiency

31
Q

singular toxic nodule name

A

toxic adenoma

32
Q

thyroid storm/thyrotoxic crisis is usually the result of:

A

person with undiagnosed or partially treated hyperthyroidism who undergoes some dramatic stressor that impacts thyroid function: trauma, thyroid surgery, burns, seizures, obstetrical complications, CV event, dialysis, etc

33
Q

increased T4 causes what effect on TSH levels?

A

inhibitory/decreased

34
Q

typical symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

increased heat sensitivity, weight loss, a high energy level, exophthalmos, thinning hair

35
Q

clinical manifestation of congenital hypopituitarism (child)

A

dwarfism

36
Q

clinical manifestations of hypopituitarism in an adult male

A

impotence, skin pallor, decreased muscular development

37
Q

deficit of what hormone causes cretinism in an infant

A

thyroid hormone

38
Q

syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) is [excess/deficiency] of ADH and causes water [retention/diuresis]

A

excess; retention

39
Q

SIADH would cause what change in electrolytes?

A

hyponatremia secondary to excessive water retention

40
Q

which is more potent in its mode of action, T3 or T4?

A

T3

41
Q

signs of malignant thyroid nodule

A

firm, unilateral

Pathophys - Nat (6 decks)

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