Acute Leukemia

Question 1

2 types

Answer 1

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
ALL

Question 2

ALL common in

AML common in

Answer 2

ALL- children

AML- old age

Question 3

AML/ALL does what

Answer 3

Interferes with development and function of healthy white/red/platelet

Question 4

Blood cells leave bone marrow then

Answer 4

Go to blood or organs like liver or spleen

Question 5

Acute leukaemia occurs due to

Translocations

Answer 5

Mutation I. Precursor blood cells

12+21 or
9+22

Question 6

Translocations cause

Answer 6

Abnormal proteins affecting function and cell division

Question 7

Important subtype or leukaemia

Answer 7

15:17
Acute promylecyytic leukaemia

Affects retenoic acid receptor and gene which disrupts cell division

Question 8

Myeloblasts differentiate into

Answer 8

Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes
Monocytes

Question 9

Lymphoblast differentiates into

Answer 9

Pre T cell

Or pre B cell

Question 10

Myelodysplaatic syndrome is

Answer 10

Defective maturation of myeloid cells

Build up of blasts

<20% blasts

Question 11

When blasts go over 20% in myelodysplastic syndrome it becomes

Answer 11

AML

Question 12

What else is related to AML/ ALL

Answer 12

Downs and radiation

Question 13

A true leukaemia cause what kind of mutation

Answer 13

Lose ability to differentiate
Stay in the blast stage
Don’t function effectively

Other cells are crowded out causing cyptopenia

Question 14

Uncontrollable growing blast cells do what next

Answer 14

Travel in blood and setttle in organs (liver,spleen,thymus, lymph nodes) and cause these to enlarge

Question 15

In acute promyelocytic leukemia promyelocytes cause what

Answer 15

Activate the clotting process and cause coagulation

Question 16

Symptoms of ALL AND AML

Answer 16

Fatigue
Easier bleeding
Abdominal fullness
Infections
Pain in lymph nodes
Pain and tenderness in bones

Question 17

Which symptoms seen more prominently in ALL

Answer 17

Pain in lymph nodes

Abdominal fullness

Question 18

Diagnosis of leukaemia

Answer 18

Peripheral blood smear

And bone marrow biopsy showing 20% blast cells

Question 19

How to differentiate ALL from AML

Answer 19

Look on slides

AML- fine chromatin
Defined nucleolus
Auer rods in cytoplasm
Large cells

ALL
Coarse chromatin
Small nucleoli
Glycogen granules 
Smaller cells

Question 20

Diagnosis method name

Answer 20

Immunophenotyping

Question 21

Treatment is based on

Answer 21

Reducing blast cells

Question 22

Treatment ALL and AML

Answer 22

Chemo
Biological therapy
Stem cell transplants
Bone marrow transplants

Question 23

Acute promyelocytic leukemia treatment

Answer 23

All trans retinoic acid