Osteoporosis

Question 1

What are some ways to diagnose osteoporosis?

Answer 1

1. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

2. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT)

Question 2

BMD measurement is given as what type of score?

Answer 2

1. T-score (deviation from mean bone density of you IND healthy individuals of the same gender and ethnicity)
2. Z-score (deviation from mean bone density of individuals of the same age, gender and ethnicity)

Question 3

The world health organization defines osteoporosis as T/Z_____ score of ________

Answer 3

T-score of -2.5

Question 4

What is a fragility fracture?

Answer 4

Any fall from a standing height or lower that results in a fracture
(Body supposed to sustain a fall from this height without fracture unless bones are fragile)

Question 5

What’s a typical posture seen in osteoporosis?

Answer 5

Kyphosis

Question 6

Bone remodeling is controlled by _________ and _________

Answer 6

Hormones and mechanical loading

Question 7

What are the risk factors you can control in osteoporosis?

Answer 7

Over 50
Female
Menopause
Premature menopause or removal of ovaries
Prolonged hormone imbalance (thyroid gland)
Family history
Caucasian or Asian
Small-boned
Prolonged use of medications or strong dosage

Question 8

What are the risk factors for osteoporosis that you can control ?

Answer 8

Poor diet (in calcium and vitamin D)
Physical activity (mechanical load)
Smoking
Caffeine more than 3 cups a day
Excessive consumption of alcohol

Question 9

What is the effect of exercise on osteoporosis/osteopenia?

Answer 9

Increase pressure on bones can increase bone mass