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Nursing > Complementary and Alternative Therapies/Pain Management > Flashcards

Complementary and Alternative Therapies/Pain Management Flashcards

1
Q

Define complementary and alternative medicine.

A

an array of health care approaches with a history of use or origins outside of mainstream medicine.

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2
Q

What are complementary therapies?

A

(integrative therapies) therapies used in addition to or together with conventional treatment recommended by a person’s health care provider

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3
Q

What are some examples of complementary therapies?

A

therapeutic touch, guided imagery, massage, reflexology, prayer, hypnotherapy, creative therapies

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4
Q

How do alternative therapies differ and how are they the same as complementary therapies?

A

Alternative therapies become the primary treatment and replace conventional medical care but may include same interventions as complementary therapies.

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5
Q

What are alternative therapies?

A

Therapies based on (allopathic) conventional pathophysiology and anatomy while acknowledging the mind-body connection.

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6
Q

What are Whole Medical Systems?

A

Therapies based on completely different philosophies and life systems than those used by allopathic (conventional) medicine.

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7
Q

What types of therapy is included in Whole Medical Systems?

A

traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda (practiced in India), and Naturopathy

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8
Q

What is Integrative health care?

A

Health care that emphasizes the importance of the relationship between practitioner and patient, focuses on the whole person, and informed by evidence.

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9
Q

relaxation response

A

the state of generalized decreased cognitive, physiological, and/or behavioral arousal

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10
Q

progressive relaxation

A

training that teaches a person how to effectively rest and reduce tension in the body.

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11
Q

passive relaxation

A

the process of calming the mind and body intentionally without the need to tighten and relax any particular body part.

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12
Q

What is a limitation of relaxation therapy?

A

increased sensitivity in detecting muscle tensions

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13
Q

Meditation

A

any activity that limits stimulus input by directing attention to a single unchanging or repetitive stimulus (person becomes more aware of self)

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14
Q

What is a benefit of mediation?

A

lowers O2 consumption
reduces RR and HR
reduces anxiety
lowers BP

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15
Q

What are some limitations of meditation?

A
  • may become hypertensive

- may enhance effects of certain drugs

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16
Q

Imagery

A

a mind-body therapy that uses the conscious mind to create mental images to stimulate physical changes in the body, improve perceived well-being, and/or enhance self-awareness

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17
Q

What is a benefit of imagery?

A

pain control

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18
Q

What are the limitations of imagery?

A

none - very few side effects

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19
Q

Biofeedback

A

a mind-body technique that uses instruments to teach self-regulation and voluntary self-control over specific physiological responses. (immediate feedback is provided)

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20
Q

What is the intended purpose of acupuncture?

A

it regulates or realigns vital energy (qui), which flows through channels in the form of a system of pathways called meridians.

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21
Q

What is a desired effect of acupuncture?

A

pain relief

22
Q

What is the intended purpose of therapeutic touch?

A

to affect energy fields with conscious intent to help or heal

23
Q

What are the 5 phases of therapeutic touch?

A
  1. centering
  2. assessing
  3. unruffling
  4. treating
    5 evaluation
24
Q

What is the basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine?

A

“Life in balance”

Health promotion based on Yin and Yang - opposing, complementary forces that exist in dynamic equilibrium

25
Q

What are the methods of evaluation in traditional chinese medicine?

A
  • Observing
  • Hearing/smelling
  • Asking/interviewing
  • Touching/palpating
26
Q

natural product

A

a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism

27
Q

physical dependence

A

a state of adaptation that is manifested by a drug class-specific withdrawal syndrome produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, decreasing blood level of the drug, and/or administration of an antagonist

28
Q

addiction

A

a primary, chronic, neurobiological disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations

29
Q

drug tolerance

A

a state of adaption in which exposure to a drug induces changes that result in a diminution of one or more effects of the drug over time

30
Q

placebos

A

pharmacologically inactive preparations or procedures that produce no beneficial or therapeutic effect.

31
Q

Acute/transient pain

A

pain that is protective, usually has an identifiable cause, is of short duration, and has limited tissue damage and emotional response - usually reversible

32
Q

Chronic/persistent noncancer pain

A

pain that is NOT protective, lasts longer than 3 mos., has no purpose, and may or may not have an identifiable cause

33
Q

Chronic episodic pain

A

pain that occurs sporadically over an extended duration

34
Q

Cancer pain

A

can be acute or chronic

35
Q

idiopathic pain

A

chronic pain without identifiable physical or psychological cause

36
Q

nociceptive pain

A

pain that results from damage to body tissue described as sharp, aching or throbbing

37
Q

What are the two classifications of nociceptive pain?

A

Somatic: comes from bone, joint, muscle, skin, or connective tissue
Visceral pain: arises from visceral organs such as the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas

38
Q

What are the two classifications of neuropathic pain?

A

Centerally generated: CNS or ANS

Peripherally generated: polyneuropathies and mononeuropathies

39
Q

breakthrough pain

A

severe pain that erupts while a patient is already medicated with a long-acting painkiller.

40
Q

What are some types of breakthrough pain?

A
  • incident pain: predictable and elicited by specific behaviors or triggers such as a voluntary act (walking), involuntary act (coughing) or treatments (dressing changes)
  • end-of-dose pain: occurs toward the end of the usual dosing interval of a regular scheduled analgesic
  • spontaneous pain: unpredictable and not associated with any activity or event
41
Q

What are the four physiological processes of normal pain?

A
  1. Transduction: converts energy produced by the stimuli into electrical energy
  2. Transmission: sending of impulse across a sensory pain nerve fiber (nocicpter)
  3. Perception: the point at which a person is aware of pain
  4. Modulation: inhibits pain impulse (protective reflex)
42
Q

What are physiological factors that influence pain?

A

age, fatigue, genes, neurological function

43
Q

What are social factors that influence pain?

A

attention, previous experiences, family and social support, spiritual

44
Q

What are psychological factors that influence pain?

A

anxiety, coping style

45
Q

What is the ABCDE routine clinical approach to pain assessment?

A
  1. Ask about pain regularly
  2. Believe the patient
  3. Choose appropriate pain control options
  4. Deliver timely and logical interventions
  5. Empower patient
46
Q

What are characteristics of pain?

A 
Timing
Location
Severity
Quality
Aggravating factors
Relief measures
47
Q

What are some possible sources for errors in pain assessment?

A 
Bias
Vague or unclear questions
Inappropriate assessment tools
Inappropriate medical terms
Unclear patients
cognitively impaired patients
48
Q

What are some nursing diagnoses relating to pain?

A 
Activity Intolerance
Fatigue
Impaired social interaction
Anxiety
Insomnia
Ineffective coping
Impaired physical mobility
49
Q

What are the three types of analgesics?

A
  1. nonopioids
  2. opioids
  3. co-analgesics or adjuvants
50
Q

What type of pain are nonopioids used for?

A

mild to moderate pain

51
Q

What type of pain are opioids used for?

A

moderate to sever pain

52
Q

What are adjuvants?

A

drugs used to treat other conditions but they also have analgesic qualities

Nursing (26 decks)

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