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psyc1201 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological moratorium

A
  • a time-out period when adolescents experiment with different roles, values, beliefs and relationships
  • undergo identity crisis in which they examine their values and make decisions about their life roles
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2
Q

Self esteem

A

declines as child progresses from middle childhood to about the age of 12 or 13
- boys fantasize about having physiques of warriors in video games and girls want to be thin
notion of ideal self may change to better reflect reality

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3
Q

Parenting Styles

A

adolescents from authoritative homes (parents exert control and explain reasons for doing so) show more competent behavior than other groups of teenagers

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4
Q

Parenting Influences

A
  • teens who communicate well with parents delay onset of sexual activity
  • if these teens do have intercourse they are more likely to use birth control and have fewer sex partners
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5
Q

High risk groups for suicide

A

adolescents

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6
Q

Contributors to suicidal behaviour

A

depression, hopelessness, stressful life events especially events that entail loss of support. Other contributors may be sexuality, school grades, substance abuse and problems at home.

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7
Q

General physical development

A

physical development peaks in early adulthood, and then declines in late adulthood; men stronger than women

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8
Q

hearing

A

sensory sharpness peaks in early 20s and then begins gradual decline (farsightedness); hearing declines, especially for high pitches

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9
Q

exercise

A

increased levels of sedentary activities (including screen times) associated with obesity; 75% of young adults spend 15 hours or more per week on sedentary

adults 18+ need 30 mins of physical activity five or more days a week

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10
Q

Tolerance

A

habituation to a drug such that increasingly higher doses are needed to achieve similar effects

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11
Q

depressants

A

depressants slow the nervous system; include alcohol, narcotics derived from the opium poppy, and sedatives.

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12
Q

stimulants

A

speed up heartbeat and bodily functions

  • nicotine is the addictive chemical in tobacco; leading causes of premature death
  • cocaine increases heart rate, blood pressure, constricts arteries and thickens blood; combined can cause cardiovascular and respiratory collapse
  • amphetamines keep users awake for long periods of time and reduce appetite; tolerance develops quickly; methamphetamine addictive and abuse causes brain damage, learning and memory problems
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13
Q

pragmatic thought

A

decision making characterized by willingness to accept reality and compromise

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14
Q

relativistic thinking

A

recognition that judgements are often not absolute but are made from certain belief system or cultural background

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15
Q

diversity in college

A

college experience includes meeting people who are different from one’s self

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16
Q

Intrinsic reasons for working

A
  • The work ethic: this suggests that we are morally obligated to avoid idleness
  • Self Identity: our occupational identity can become intertwined with our self-identity
  • Self Fulfillment: we often express our personal needs and interests through our work
  • Self Worth: recognition and respect for a job well done contribute to self esteem
  • Socialization: the workplace extends our social contacts
  • Public Roles: work roles help define our functions in the community
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17
Q

Donald Super’s Stages

A

Fantasy Stage - involves the child’s unrealistic conception of self-potential and of the world of work; dominates until age 11; more glamorous and unrealisitc fit with abilities

Tentative Choice Stage - from ages 11 to 17 focus is based on interests abilities, limitations and glamour

Realistic Choice Stage - choices narrow after age 17 as students weigh job requirements and rewards against interests, abilities and values; educational plans may be directed to gain knowledge and skills in particular field

Maintenance Stage - person settles into their career role, normally occurs during the second half of their 30s; career continues to develop and an individual may change positions but have a sense of career, whereas others may feel trapped in a dead-end job.

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18
Q

separation-individuation

A

becoming an individual by means of integrating his or her own values and beliefs with those of parents or society

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19
Q

Erikson’s key “crisis”

A

establishment of intimate relationships the key “crisis” of early adulthood

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20
Q

Age 30 Transitions

A

characterized for both men and women by reassessment

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21
Q

“Birds of a feather flock together”

A

people develop romantic relationships with others who are similar to themselves in attractiveness and other traits

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22
Q

Sternberg’s triangular theory of love

A

Consists of three building block:

  1. intimacy - the experience of warmth toward another person that arises from feelings of closeness and connectedness, and the desire to share one’s innermost thoughts
  2. passion - intense romantic or sexual desire, accompanied by physiological arousal
  3. commitment - desire to maintain relationship through good times and bad

In this theory couples are well matched if they possess corresponding levels of passion, intimacy and commitment; different variations of each demonstrate different types of relationships

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23
Q

serial monogamy

A

a series of exclusive sexual relationships

24
Q

arranged marriages

A

families of bride and groom arrange marriage to ensure backgrounds are similar; common in europe and india; less divorce rate more traditional not based on infatuation

25
Q

why do people are children?

A

personal happiness or well-being

26
Q

Dual-earner couples and the workplace

A

problems in the workplace translate to problems at home and with health
dual earning mothers show a decline in well being while men show an increase
mothers with flexible work schedules have less stress than women with fixed schedules

27
Q

Hair in mid-adulthood

A

Grey hair occurs due to decrease of melanin; hair loss accelerates, especially in men

28
Q

presbyopia

A

loss of elasticity in the lens of the eye, which makes it harder to focus on nearby objects

29
Q

lean-body mass and muscle fat

A

lean -body mass especially muscle declines with age

Rate of loss accelerates after age 45; fat replaces lean-body mass which includes muscle

30
Q

metabolism

A

the rate at which the body processes or
“burns” food to produce energy

resting metabolic rate also called basal metabolic rate (BMR) declines with age

31
Q

bone density

A

bones begin to lose density at around the age of 40; as bones lose density, they become more brittle and prone to fracture

bones in the spine, hip, thigh and forearm lose the most density as we age

32
Q

cancer in mid-adulthood

A

leading causes of death during middle adulthood, can be cured or controlled if caught early

33
Q

carcinogens

A

viruses, chemical compounds in tobacco and else where, and UV solar radiation.

34
Q

Cigarette smoking and cancer

A

cigarette smoking and high fat diet contribute to cancer; 84% lung cancer; 30% diet

35
Q

Arteriosclerosis is?

A

hardening of the arteries

36
Q

Perimenopause

A

beginning of menopause, charcterized by 3-11 months of amenorrhea (lack of menstruation) or irregular periods

37
Q

Changes of Menopause

A

cessation of menstruation, normal process occurring between ages 46-50, lasts about 2 years, can begin any time between 35-60

38
Q

long-term estrogen deficiency

A

someone women have been helped with hormone replacement therapy, synthetic estrogen

39
Q

oral meds to treat erectile disorder

A

viagra, levitra and cialis are commonly used to treat it

40
Q

Schaie’s longitudinal study beginning in 1956

A

intellectual functioning of the members of a society reflects the technology and social functioning of that society

41
Q

crystallized intelligence

A
  • cluster of knowledge and skills that depend on accumulated information and experience, awareness of social conventions and the capacity to make good decisions and judgements
  • includes specialized knowledge in a field
    increases with age
42
Q

generativity

A
  • ability to generate or produce; based on instinctual drive toward procreativity (bearing and rearing children)
  • can consist of parenting one’s own children, helping others with their children, being engaged in projects that will influence future generations
43
Q

mid-life crisis

A
  • self doubt and anxiety during which people sense the passing of their youth and become preoccupied with concern about the imminence of their own mortality
  • may be imposed from external factors such as downsizing
  • age 35 for women and 40 for men
  • due to unrealized dreams and life losses, psychotherapy during this time shouldnt be over looked
44
Q

empty nest syndrome

A

a feeling of loneliness or loss of purpose that parents and especially mothers are theorized to experience when the youngest child leaves home

45
Q

Costa and McCrae’s “big five”

A

Table 16.1 pg 277
I. extraversion: contrasts talkativeness, assertiveness and activity with silence, passivity and reserve
II. Agreeableness: contrasts kindness, trust and warmth with hostility, selfishness and distrust
III. Conscientiousness: contrast organization, thoroughness and reliability with carelessness, negligence and unreliability
IV. Neuroticism: contrasts nervousness, moodiness and sensitivity to negative stimuli with coping ability
V. Openness to experience: contrasts imagination, curiosity and creativity with shallowness and lack of perceptiveness

  • basic personality traits derived from contemporary statistical methods.
46
Q

career change in mid-adulthood

A
  • more entrenched in careers than in young adulthood
  • most career changes in middle adulthood are shifts into related fields
  • radical shifts in career can be successful
  • crisis such as divorce, conflict with a coworker, or getting fired may force the middle adult to take any job they can find
47
Q

statistics on aging in Canada

A
  • age 65 + is the fastest growing segment of canadian population
48
Q

ageism

A

prejudice against people because of their age

49
Q

presbycusis

A

loss of acuteness of hearing due to age related degenerative changes in the ear

  • age related hearing loss that affects one person in three over the age of 65
  • hearing tends to decline more quickly in men
50
Q

sleep medications

A

can lead to dependence when used regularly and to rebound insomnia when discontinued

51
Q

hormonal stress theory

A

stress hormones are left at elevated levels following illnesses making the body more vulnerable to chronic conditions such as diabetes, osteoporosis and heart disease

52
Q

Free-radical theory

A

attributes aging to damage caused by the accumulation of unstable molecules called free radicals

53
Q

living arrangements and late adulthood

A

most older adults do not require institutional care, more than 66% of adults age 65 and older live in their own homes

54
Q

leading cause of death in late adulthood

A
  • three major causes of death of Americans age 65 and over are heart disease, cancer and stroke
  • many older people are not adequately screened or treated for cancer or heart disease due to elder bias: discrimination against older people, by some health professionals
55
Q

Arthritis

A

joint inflammation that results from conditions affecting the structures inside and surrounding the joints

56
Q

accidents

A

older people face greater risks of unintentional injuries, falls especially dangerous for older adults with osteoporosis

57
Q

Typical studies of long-term memory

A

remember most items from their teens and 20s

psyc1201 (3 decks)

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