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Chemistry > Aldehydes And Ketones > Flashcards

Aldehydes And Ketones Flashcards

1
Q

What group do aldehydes and ketones contain?

A

Carbonyl group

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2
Q

Aldehydes and ketones

A

•Both contain a carbonyl group •Carbonyl group in aldehyde has a hydrogen atom attached- the aldehyde functional group occurs at the end of the carbon chain •In ketones- carbonyl group is located between two of the carbon atoms within the chain

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3
Q

Carbonyl functional group

A

.

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4
Q

Acetylaldehyde(ethanol)

A

.

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5
Q

Propionaldehyde(propanal)

A

.

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6
Q

Acetone( 2-propanone)

A

.

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7
Q

Cinnamaldehyde

A

.

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8
Q

Vanillin

A

.

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9
Q

Formaldehyde

A

.

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10
Q

benzaldehyde

A

.

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11
Q

Nucleophillic Reaction of propanal

A

.

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12
Q

Nucleophillic reaction of acetone

A

.

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13
Q

Idoform Test for methyl Ketone

A

.

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14
Q

fellings solution reaction

A
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15
Q

Tollens reagent in silver mirror test

A
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16
Q

Names of aldehydes end in

A

Al

17
Q

Names of ketones end in

A

One

18
Q

Bonding in the carbonyl group

A

•Oxygen In carbon to oxygen bond far more electronegative •One of the two pairs of electrons that make up carbon to oxygen double bond even more easily pulled towards the oxygen- double bond very polar

19
Q

One Physical property of aldehydes and ketones

A

Sharp odor

20
Q

Most important reaction of ketones and aldehydes

A

Nucleophillic addition reaction

21
Q

Nucleophillic addition reaction

A

The addition of a nucleophile to an electrophillic acceptor

Nucleophile forms new bond to carbonyl group carbon, carbon oxygen double bond breaks, proton bonds to oxygen

Carbonyl group undergoes addition reactions

22
Q

Nucleophillic addition reaction of propanal

A

.

23
Q

Nucleophillic addition reaction of acetone

A

.

24
Q

Electrophile

A

Electrophile is the carbonyl group carbon of the ketone or aldehyde

25
Q

Nucleophile

A

Nucleophille- negatively charged ion(cyanide ion CN) or slightly negatively charged part of a molecule(lone pair on a nitrogen atom in ammonia NH3)

26
Q

Aldehydes and ketones difference

A

Aldehyde has hydrogen atom attached to carbonyl group Makes aldehydes very easy to oxidise Ketones don’t have the hydrogen and resistant to oxidation except from powerful agents that can break carbon to carbon bonds

27
Q

Aldehyde and ketone Boiling points

A

Rise rise as molecules get bigger Size of boiling point governed by strengths of intermolecular forces

28
Q

Solubility in water

A

Small aldehydes and ketones soluble Solubility falls with increase in chain length

29
Q

Oxidation of alcohols to make aldehydes and ketones

A

Oxidation of primary alcohol=aldehyde Oxidation of secondary alcohol=ketones

30
Q

Adding of Hydrogen cyanide to carbon-oxygen double bond in aldehydes and ketones produces

A

Compounds called hydroxynitriles

31
Q

Iodoform test for methyl ketone- description

A

Reaction with iodine in a NaOH solution and ketones containing a methyl group attached to the carbonyl Produces solid yellow iodoform-strong medical odor and used as an antiseptic

32
Q

Aldehydes and ketones are oxidised using

A

Benedicts or fehlings solution Silver mirror test

33
Q

Oxidation reaction of aldehydes and ketones

A

Used to distinguish aldehydes from ketones as ketones can’t be oxidised Blue green cu2+ is reduced for cuprous ion CU+ forming a reddish orange precipitate of Cu2O

34
Q

Silver mirror test- description

A

Aldehyde treated with tollens reagent- converts aldehydes to carboxylic acids without attacking carbon-carbon bonds Precipitate of silver produced Reveals presence of aldehydes

35
Q

Important aldehydes and ketones/ medical significance- example 1

A

•Formaldehyde- -colourless irritant gas with disinfectant properties(precipitates proteins) -40% aqueous solution used for conservation of anatomical samples

36
Q

Important aldehydes and ketones/ medical significance- example 2

A

•Acetylaldehyde- -pungent volatile and flammable liquid -Used as camping fuel in small stoves

37
Q

Reduction of an aldehyde leads to

A

Primary alcohol

38
Q

Reduction of a ketone leads to

A

Secondary alcohol

39
Q

Ketoacidosis

A

-metabolic state caused by uncontrolled production of ketone bodies that cause a metabolic acidosis - results in changes in blood pH -most common cause is diabetic ketoacidosis

Chemistry (10 decks)

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