Week 5 +6 attention and consciousness

Question 1

Colour perception is low in the peripheral VF, the theory proposing that this is due to what we see being an illusion that our cognition makes up because we can’t actually see any colour is the ________ theory

Answer 1

Illusionism

Question 2

Incorrect introspection is a method of explaining________and proposes______

Answer 2

Explains peripheral colour perception;

says that in peripheral vision we ‘fill in the blanks’ based on experience and prediction

Question 3

Compare attention theory and sparse view theory of peripheral vision

Answer 3

Attention - we only SEE what we attend to

Sparse view - we see much less than we think we can see

Question 4

Ware can detect motion _____ than colour in peripheral vision

Answer 4

MOTION BETTER but both bad

Question 5

the visual field refers to the area________

Answer 5

is the side of vision relative to the focal point

Question 6

the LGN is located ________ and receives input from the ______

Answer 6

in the THALAMUS, gets input from OPTIC NERVE

Question 7

Information from the RIGHT hemifield is processed in the ______LGN and the _____lobe

Answer 7

right hemifield = right LGN and LEFT lobe

Question 8

information from the CONTRAlateral eye goes to _____ LGN layers

Answer 8

1,4,6

Question 9

information from the IPSIlateral eye goes to______

Answer 9

2,3,5 layers

Question 10

Which feature is associated with awareness in blind sight, whereas conscious vision is processed in _____

Answer 10

Superior colliculus - BS

LGN - normal sight

Question 11

Inattention and neglect is associated with_______ lobe

Answer 11

Parietal

Question 12

Inferotemporal CX is associated with recognition of ________

Answer 12

Faces, places, people

Question 13

Collumnar organisation in the cortex enables ID of one feature ________

Answer 13

FALSE - can encode for mult features i.e. orientation, direction of mvmt

Question 14

the blind spot contains info from both eyes and has standard columnar organisation in the LGN (T/F)

Answer 14

FALSE - only 1 eye info and DOES NIT HAVE columnaro rganisation in LGN

Question 15

Visual eccentricity is when _______

Answer 15

as the distance from the fovea ICNREASES, visual acuity + CORTICAL PROJECTION decreases

Question 16

An essential node is _______

Answer 16

Cortical structure, that if removed will remove all conscious experience OF THAT TYPE i.e. vision, aud etc.,

Question 17

Motion perception occurs in _________

Answer 17

V5 –> meddle temporal lobe

Question 18

MTL is in the _________ and functions to______

Answer 18

in the FOREBRAIN memory consolidation, emotional processing

Question 19

MTL structures include

Answer 19

Amygdala, hipocampus, parahippocampal gyrus

Question 20

Attn and conc is important because _______-

Answer 20

They may be intrinsically linked

Attn may confound conc

Question 21

Bottom up attention is only active when activated by stimulus

Answer 21

FALSE - is always active

Question 22

Directing gaze involves _________

Answer 22

Top down attention

Question 23

As the hierarchy of the VF increases (V1 –> V5), receptive fields _____

Answer 23

INCREASE + neurons also get more specific

Question 24

The VF for V4 will have a smaller receptive field than V1 (T/F)

Answer 24

FALSE - v1 will have smaller RF + less specific neurons q

Question 25

Simple cells in the LGN will fire if ___________

Answer 25

the majority of input is EXCITATORY

Question 26

Rapid vision refers to________

Answer 26

categorising objects quickly and uncosnciously i.e. snake vs face

Question 27

our ability to store info in the STM without applying conscious effort refers to _________

Answer 27

Storage of primitive info

Question 28

the major argument for consciousness being separate from attention is that __________

Answer 28

they had different neural processes, before 1990s conc was NOT measurable whereas attn was OPERATIONALISABLE.

Question 29

methods to make the stimulus invisible

Answer 29

CFS, motion induced blindness, binocular rivalry, backward masking

Question 30

Binocular rivalry is an example of methodology ____attn and ______ conc

Answer 30

WITH attention, WITHOUT consciousness

Question 31

Methods to manipulate attn incl_______

Answer 31

dual taks paradigm, innattention blindness

Question 32

Top down attention tries to _______ the sitmulus and is _______ to measure than bottom up attention

Answer 32

KEEP SAME and is EASIER to measure bc can jsut ask to direct gaze elsewhere/ diff instructions

Question 33

Consicousness without attention is apparently visible during fragile memory, this refers to______

Answer 33

being able to recall some but not all stimuli + we are CONC but not AWARE –> need to attend to sitmulus retrospectively

Question 34

The dual task paradigm operates on the assumption that attention is ________

Answer 34

FINITE

Question 35

2 tasks can be completed in the dual paradigm if one ___________

Answer 35

does not require attention = all capacity can go to doing second, more demanding task

Question 36

How is dual task and inattention blindess differe?

Answer 36

DT - trying to do BOTH tasks

IB - only given ONE instruction

Question 37

Attentional blink is different to DT because

Answer 37

AB - looking at how attention shifts from 1—> stimulus

Question 38

Some features of self-consicousness are

Answer 38

1) reflexive
2) immune to error - always referring to self
3) is action oriented - has sense of agency
4) is prioritised - better access to info about SELF

Question 39

We do not have direct unprocessed access to the outer world because of _________

Answer 39

SENSORY VEIL

Question 40

Hidden causes are called so bc

Answer 40

‘hidden’ - we dont have access to them (sens veil)

‘cause’ cause a CHANGE to our sensory organs

Question 41

prediction errors occurs when ________

Answer 41

there is inconsistency between incoming info + ou MODELLED cause

Question 42

predictive coding states that perception and behaviour need to be studied ___________

Answer 42

TOGETHER bc have a bidirectional relationship

Question 43

what role does the SELF play in predictive processing?

Answer 43

SELF is a HIDDEN CAUSE bc influences action/perception/organs

Question 44

Modelled causes are not perfect, but incoming signals are (T/F)

Answer 44

FALSE

Question 45

We can minimise prediction error and adjust our modelled cause by_______

Answer 45

Perceptual inference - moderating our THOUGHTS to match outcome
ACTIVE inference - moderating outcome behaviourally to it matches thoughts

Question 46

self consciousness can be studied by

Answer 46

intentional binding, red dot mirror task

Question 47

failing the red dot task indicates a lack of self conscience

Answer 47

FALSE - it is sufficient to demonstrate this but is not NECESSARY, may just be bored

Question 48

Neuons representing peripheral vision have ____RF

Answer 48

BIGGER RF