Acute Red Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the acute red eye diseases tend to affect the eye?

A

Anterior segment of the eye

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2
Q

What are some important questions to ask when taking a history in a case of red eye?

A
  • Pain? (type - itch / throb / stabbing)
  • Discharge? (purulent / watery / mucoid)
  • Photophobia?
  • Flashing lights / floaters?
  • Blurred vision?
  • Redness (distribution / degree)
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3
Q

What exam is commonly used to test visual acuity?

A

Snellen chart test

cover one eye from 6m away and read the letters

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4
Q

What is a Fluorescein eye stain?

A

A test that uses orange dye and a blue light to detect foreign bodies in the eye. Can also detect corneal damage

(put dye on to strip, then tap the strip on the eye so the dye moves on to it, then put under blue light)

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5
Q

What is infective conjunctivitis? Symptoms / Signs?

A
  • Infection of the conjunctiva, often starts in one eye and spreads to the other
  • Gritty pain
  • Redness of eye
  • Discharge (purulent or watery)
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6
Q

Treatment of infective conjuctivitis?

A

Topical antibiotics

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7
Q

Symptoms and signs of allergic conjunctivitis?

A
  • Itchy
  • Red
  • Discharge (mucoid / watery)
  • Acute
  • Eyelid swelling
  • Chemosis (conjunctival swelling)
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8
Q

Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis?

A
  • Topical antihistamine
  • Avoidance of allergens
  • Mast cell stabilizers
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9
Q

What is corneal abrasion?

A

Superficial scratch of the cornea

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10
Q

Symptoms and signs of corneal abrasion?

A
  • Pain (gritty / stabbing)
  • Watering
  • Blurred vision
  • Epithelial defect
  • +/- redness
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11
Q

Treatment for corneal abrasions?

A
  • Topical antibiotics
  • Analgesia
  • Most heal within a day or two
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12
Q

What is Acute Anterior Uveitis?

A

Inflammation of the iris and ciliary body

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13
Q

What is the uvea of the eye?

A

The middle layer, beneath the sclera

  • Made up of the iris, ciliary body and choroid
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14
Q

Symptoms and signs of acute anterior uveitis?

A
  • Pain
  • Watery discharge
  • Photophobia
  • Redness
  • +/- Blurred vision / floaters
  • Lymphocytes in anterior chamber (fluorescein)
  • Hypopyon (WBC rich exudate in ant. chamber)
  • Small irregular pupil
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15
Q

Treatment of acute anterior uveitis?

A
  • Topical steroids

- Dilating drops

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16
Q

Symptoms and signs of scleritis?

A
  • Pain (severe)
  • Redness (esp. visibility of deep scleral vessels)
  • Nodule
  • Tenderness (severe)
17
Q

Treatment of scleritis?

A

SYSTEMIC steroids

18
Q

What is acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

When the flow of aqueous humour out of the eye is disrupted causing a significant increase in intraocular pressure

19
Q

Symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma?

A
  • Pain (severe)
  • Redness
  • Blurred vision
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Hazy cornea
  • Fixed mid dilated pupil
  • Hard eyeball
20
Q

Treatment of acute angle closure glaucoma?

A
  • Lower intraocular pressure (laser / eyedrops / surgery)

- Constrict pupil

21
Q

What is orbital cellulitis?

A

Inflammation of the orbital tissues (soft tissues / fat)

22
Q

Types of orbital cellulitis?

A
  • Diffuse
  • Orbital abscess (tissues posterior to eye)
  • Subperiosteal abscess (below the eye)
  • Cavernous sinus thrombosis
23
Q

Symptoms and signs of orbital cellulitis?

A
  • Pain (severe)
  • Redness
  • Blurred vision
  • Diplopia
  • Malaise
  • Pyrexia
  • Proptosis
  • Reduction in eye movement
24
Q

Treatment of orbital cellulitis?

A
  • Admit to hospital
  • IV antibiotics
  • CT scan
  • Drainage of pus