A02 - Histology of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract (Started) Flashcards
Define renal corpuscle.
The blood-filtering component of the nephron consisting of the glomerulus and glomerular capsule.
How many nephrons are in each kidney?
1,000,000
List the components of the glomerular filtration barrier.
1 - The leaky endothelium of the glomerular capillaries.
2 - The foot-like processes of podocytes.
3 - The thick basement membrane of the podocytes.
How many capillary loops invaginate into the tubules?
10-20.
What covers the capillary loops that invaginate into the tubules?
The visceral layer of podocytes.
What covers the outer extent of the glomerular capsule?
The parietal layer of podocytes.
What do the efferent arterioles supply?
They continue to supply the tubules via the vasa recta.
What proportion of absorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule?
75%.
What type of epithelium lines the loop of Henle?
Simple squamous epithelium.
Where do the collecting ducts end?
At the minor calyces at the tips of the medullary pyramids.
List the components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
1 - Afferent arterioles.
2 - The terminal part of the distal convoluted tubule.
3 - Extraglomerular mesangial cells.
What type of epithelium lines the segments of the urinary tract that lie after the nephron?
What surrounds this epithelium?
- Transitional epithelium.
- The epithelium is surrounded by at least two layers of smooth muscle.
What type of epithelium lines the membranous and spongy urethra?
- For most of its length, there is stratified and pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
- At its most distal point, it is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.
