Chapter 10: The Age of Jackson, 1824-1844

Question 1

Indian Removal Act (1830)

Answer 1

A law signed by Jackson which forced the resettlement of many thousands of American Indians.

Question 2

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

Answer 2

A Supreme Court case that decided Cherokees were not a foreign nation with the right to sue in a federal court.

Question 3

Worcester v. Georgia

Answer 3

A Supreme Court case that ruled the laws of Georgia had no force within Cherokee territory.

Question 4

Cherokee trail of tears

Answer 4

In 1838, after Jackson left office, the US Army forced 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia, causing the deaths of 4,000 Cherokees.

Question 5

Bank of the United States

Answer 5

A privately owned bank that received federal deposits and attempted to serve a public purpose by cushioning the ups and downs of the national economy.

Question 6

Nicholas Biddle

Answer 6

The Bank of the United States’ president.

Question 7

Roger Taney

Answer 7

Jackson’s Secretary of the Treasury who helped withdraw all federal funds from the Bank of the United States.

Question 8

“pet banks”

Answer 8

Various state banks that Jackson deposited all federal funds from the Bank of the United States.

Question 9

Specie Circular

Answer 9

A presidential order that required all future purchases of federal lands be made in specie (gold and silver) rather than paper banknotes.

Question 10

Panic of 1837

Answer 10

A economic depression that occurred right after Jackson left office when banknotes lost their value and land sales plummeted.

Question 11

Martin Van Buren

Answer 11

Jackson’s vice president, and 8th president

Question 12

common man

Answer 12

Between 1824 and 1840, the group of people that politics focused on, characterized by middle and lower class homes.

Question 13

universal white male suffrage

Answer 13

A movement to eliminate voting restrictions allowing all white males to vote and hold office, regardless of their social class or religion.

Question 14

party nominating convention

Answer 14

Replacing “King Caucus,” this allowed party politicians and voters to gather in a meeting hall to nominate the party’s candidates.

Question 15

“King Caucus”

Answer 15

A closed-door meeting of a political party’s leaders in Congress to nominate candidates for office.

Question 16

popular election of president

Answer 16

A more democratic method of allowing voters to choose a state’s presidential electors.

Question 17

Anti-Masonic party

Answer 17

A small political party that attacked the secret societies of Masons and accused them of belonging to a privileged, antidemocratic elite.

Question 18

Workingmen’s party

Answer 18

A small political party that emerged in the Era of the Common Man that reached out to groups of people who previously shown little interest in politics.

Question 19

popular campaigning

Answer 19

Candidates for office directed their campaigns to the interests and prejudices of the common people, resulting in personal attacks and entertainment.

Question 20

spoils system

Answer 20

The practice of dispensing government jobs in return for party loyalty.

Question 21

rotation in office

Answer 21

Jackson believed by limiting a person to one term in office, he could then appoint some other deserving Democrat in his place.

Question 22

John Quincy Adams

Answer 22

6th president who won the election of 1824 in a bitterly contested decision the House of Representatives made to choose a president from the candidates due to lack of electoral vote majority.

Question 23

Henry Clay

Answer 23

House of Representatives congressman who used his influence in the House to provide John Quincy Adams enough votes to win the election of 1824, who was then appointed as Adams’ secretary of state.

Question 24

“corrupt bargain”

Answer 24

Angry Jackson supporters accused Adams and Clay of making this when Clay was appointed secretary of state after using his influence in the House to give Adams the election victory in 1824.

Question 25

Tariff of 1828; “tariff of abominations”

Answer 25

Congress passed this tariff law to pay for internal improvements and aid manufacturing, that generally satisfied northern manufacturers but alienated southern planters.

Question 26

Revolution of 1828

Answer 26

Name given to the election of 1828, marked by a new campaign tactic of mudslinging.

Question 27

Andrew Jackson

Answer 27

7th president, known as a symbol of the emerging working class and middle class (common man).

Question 28

role of the president

Answer 28

Jackson viewed this as being a representative of all the people and a protector of the common man against abuses of power by the rich and privileged.

Question 29

Peggy Eaton affair

Answer 29

Wife of Jackson’s secretary of war, she was the target of malicious gossip by other cabinet wives.

Question 30

states’ rights

Answer 30

Favored by Jackson - though he did not favor disunion.

Question 31

nullification crisis

Answer 31

Stemming from belief that each state had the right to decide whether to obey federal law or to declare it null and void, marked by tension between South Carolina and the Jackson administration.

Question 32

Webster-Hayne debate

Answer 32

A debate in 1830 on the nature of the federal Union under the Constitution in which Webster attacked the idea that any state could defy or leave the Union.

Question 33

John C. Calhoun

Answer 33

Jackson’s first vice president who believed each state had the right to decide whether to obey a federal law or to declare it null and void.

Question 34

Proclamation to the People of South Carolina

Answer 34

Issued by Jackson, this stated that nullification and disunion were treason.

Question 35

two-party system

Answer 35

A system that emerged under Jackson - Democrats and Whigs.

Question 36

Democrats

Answer 36

A political party that harked back to the old Republican party of Jefferson; supporters of Jackson.

Question 37

Whigs

Answer 37

A political party that resembled the defunct Federalist party of Hamilton; supporters of Henry Clay.

Question 38

“log cabin and hard cider” campaign

Answer 38

Nickname of the campaign of 1840, centered around William Henry Harrison and his humble origins, using propaganda to win the election.