Joint pain

Question 1

What could cause monoarthritis

Answer 1

Septic arthritis
Crystal arthritis: gout, CPPD
Osteoarthritis
Trauma: haemarthosis

Question 2

What could cause oligoarthritis

Answer 2

Crystal arthritis: gout, CPPD
psoriatic arthritis
reactive arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis
osteoarthritis

Question 3

What could cause symmetrical polyarthritis

Answer 3

rheumatoid arthritis
osteoarthritis
viruses: hep A, B, C, mumps

Question 4

What could cause asymmetrical polyarthritis

Answer 4

reactive arthritis

psoriatic arthritis

Question 5

What is osteoarthritis

Answer 5

Degenerative disorder, breakdown of articular cartilage in synovial joints

Question 6

What areas tend to be affected by osteoarthritis

Answer 6

Knees, hips, DIPs and PIPs (weight bearing/commonly used)

Question 7

What are the risk factors for osteoarthritis

Answer 7

Age
Obesity
Family hx
Joint injury/overuse

Question 8

What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis

Answer 8

Pain worse with movement, rest, at night
Morning stiffness <30 mins *
reduced range of motion
joing may be misaligned and appear knobbly
crepitus

Question 9

How do you tell the difference between rheumatoid and osteo-arthritis?

Answer 9

Morning stiffness lasts less than 30 mins in osteoarthritis and lasts >1hr in rheumatoid

Question 10

What are osteoarthritic node at PIP joint called

Answer 10

Bouchards nodules

Question 11

What are osteoarthritic nodes at DIP joint called

Answer 11

Heberdens nodes

Question 12

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 12

Inflammatory disease, symmetrical polyarthritis

Question 13

What areas tend to be affected by rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 13

Metacarpophalangeal joint and proximal interphalangeal joints of hands + feet

Question 14

What are the risk factors assoc with rheum. arthritis

Answer 14

smoking
female
50s-60s yrs
genetics

Question 15

What are the symptoms of rheum arthritis

Answer 15

Inflammation of joint
Swan neck fingers
Boutonniere deformity (thumb)
ulnar devation of fingers
Morning stiffness >1hr *
tiredness, fever, sweating, poor apetite, weight loss
dry eyes
pleuritic chest pain
rheumatoid nodules

Question 16

What complications are associated with rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 16

Carpal tunnel syndrome

pericarditis + pericardial effusion

Question 17

What is fibromyalgia

Answer 17

Syndrome characterised by chronic widespread pain and fatigue and an increased sensitivity to pain

Question 18

What are the risk factors associated with fibromyalgia

Answer 18

Female,
genetics
Injury/infection
divorce
low income
overprotective family or a lack of support
depression, anxiety + stress
dissatisfaction at work

Question 19

What conditions are associated with fibromyalgia?

Answer 19

Chronic fatigue syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome
Chronic headache syndromes

Question 20

What are the symptoms of fibromyalgia?

Answer 20

Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain and tenderness
Morning stiffness
Fatigue
Poor concentration 
Sleep disturbance
Low mood
Cognitive dysfunction (fibro fog)

Question 21

What is gout?

Answer 21

Disorder of purine metabolism and occurs when uric acid crystallises in the form of monosodium urate. This precipitates and forms deposits in joints, tendons and surrounding tissue

Question 22

What are the risk factors associated with gout?

Answer 22

Male
Genetics
Drugs
Surgery, infection, fasting or diuretics

Question 23

What are the symptoms of gout?

Answer 23

Joint inflammation
1st metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe
Ankle, foot, hand joints, wrist, elbow and knee most commonly affected
Fever
Erythema

Question 24

What is septic arthritis?

Answer 24

Infections of the joing caused by invading microorgansims esp. bacteria - can destroy a joint in 24 hours

Question 25

What are the risk factors for septic arthritis?

Answer 25

Low socioeconomic status

Hx of intravenous drug use, diabetes, cutaneous ulcers, rheum or osteoarthritis

Question 26

What are the symptoms of septic arthritis?

Answer 26

Inflamed joints
reduced range of motion
fever

Question 27

What is reactive arthritis?

Answer 27

Inflammatory arthirits secondary to exposure to GI or genitourinary infections

Question 28

What are the symptoms of reactive arthritis?

Answer 28

Can’t see - conjunctivitis
Can’t pee - urethritis
Can’t bend the knee - asymmetrical lower limb oligoarthritis (esp. knee)