8.4 Organisms

Question 1

Nutrient

Answer 1

An essential substance provided by food that your body needs to survive

Question 2

What are the six (+1) types of nutrients?

Answer 2

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water
• Fibre (not a nutrient, but important)

Question 3

What is the job of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

To provide energy

Question 4

What are the 2 types of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

• Simple (sugars)
• Complex (starch)

Question 5

Where are simple carbohydrates found?

Answer 5

In sugar and fruit, quick source of energy

Question 6

Where are complex carbohydrates found?

Answer 6

Bread and pasta, energy released more slowly because they have to be broken down

Question 7

Why are proteins needed?

Answer 7

To repair body tissues and make new cells

Question 8

Where are lipids found?

Answer 8

It fast and oils, including butter

Question 9

What are the 3 important jobs of lipids?

Answer 9

• Provide store of energy
• Keep you warm
• Protect organs like kidneys and heart from damage

Question 10

Do you need a large amount of vitamins and minerals?

Answer 10

No, only needed in small amounts

Question 11

What is vitamin A good for?

Answer 11

Eyesight

Question 12

What are vitamin D and calcium (mineral) used for?

Answer 12

To maintain healthy bones and teeth

Question 13

Why is iron important?

Answer 13

Important for making red blood cells

Question 14

Cells are made up of ….% water

Answer 14

70

Question 15

How does the body lose water?

Answer 15

In sweat, tears 😭, urine and faeces

Question 16

How much water should you drink?

Answer 16

Over a litre a day

Question 17

What is dietary fibre?

Answer 17

Parts of plants that the body can’t break down

Question 18

Why is dietary fibre important?

Answer 18

Keeps food moving through the gut, preventing constipation

Question 19

Balanced diet

Answer 19

Eating food containing the right nutrients in the right amounts

Question 20

How do you test for starch?

Answer 20

Add a few drops of iodine to the food solution

Question 21

What is the colour change in a food solution if it has starch?

Answer 21

Yellow/orange —> Dark blue/black

Question 22

How do you test for lipids?

Answer 22

Add a few drops of ethanol to food solution

Question 23

What happens to the food solution if it has lipids?

Answer 23

Clear —> white layer on top

Question 24

How to you test for sugar (glucose)?

Answer 24

• Add a few drops of Benedict’s solution to the food solution
• Heat the test tube in a water bath

Question 25

What will the solution look like if it has glucose?

Answer 25

Blue, Green/ yellow, Orange/red, brick red Negative, Traces of glucose, Moderate amount, Large amount of glucose

Question 26

How do you test for protein?

Answer 26

Add a few drops of copper sulfate solution and sodium hydroxide solution to your food solution

Question 27

Explain why a pregnant woman needs more energy than a female office worker

Answer 27

The pregnant woman will require extra energy for the growth of the foetus

Question 28

A food scientist carried out an experiment to measure how long it takes enzymes to digest starchy food. They did this by adding an enzyme to a starch solution in a boiling tube. The scientist also placed 7 drops of iodine onto a white tile. Every 30 seconds, a drop was taken out of the boiling tube and mixed with one of the drops of iodine. The scientist then measured the intensity of light (the amount of light that passes through the solution) transmitted through the mixture. This was repeated with a new drop of iodine every 30 seconds for 3 minutes. Explain why iodine was used in this test

Answer 28

- Iodine is the indicator of the presence of starch - When iodine is added to a starch solution, it turns from a yellow/orange colour to a black/blue colour - The iodine and starch solution would be very dark at the start but then lightening in colour (allowing more light to pass) as the enzyme breaks down the starch

Question 29

What is iron important for?

Answer 29

Making red blood cells

Question 30

What is vitamin A good for?

Answer 30

Vitamin A is good for eyesight

Question 31

Give an example of a food with lipids

Answer 31

Butter

Question 32

What are the two types of carbohydrates?

Answer 32

- Simple carbohydrates (sugar) - Complex carbohydrates (starch)

Question 33

What is protein needed for?

Answer 33

- Repair body tissues - Make new cells

Question 34

What is the job of carbohydrates?

Answer 34

To provide energy

Question 35

Complete the sentence: Cells are made up of ____% water

Answer 35

70

Question 36

What do vitamin d and calcium do?

Answer 36

Maintain healthy bones

Question 37

Give the definition of a nutrient

Answer 37

An essential substance provided by food that your body needs to survive

Question 38

What are digestive enzymes?

Answer 38

Chemicals that break down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules.

Question 39

What does carbohydrase (amylase) break down?

Answer 39

Carbohydrates (starch) into glucose (small sugar).

Question 40

What does protease break down?

Answer 40

Proteins into amino acids.

Question 41

How are fats broken down?

Answer 41

1) Bile breaks down fats so they have a larger surface area (emulsification). 2) Lipase breaks the fats down further into glycerol and fatty acids.

Question 42

Where are bacteria/gut bacteria found?

Answer 42

In your large intestine.

Question 43

What do gut bacteria/bacteria do?

Answer 43

-They feed on fibre in your diet, breaking down food. -They make vitamins.

Question 44

What foods contain bacteria?

Answer 44

Probiotic foods like yogurt.