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Mod 8 basic aerodynamics > 8.4 stability > Flashcards

8.4 stability Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

what is maneuverability?

A

how easily the aircraft and ability to withstand stresses imposed by maneuvers

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2
Q

what is controllability?

A

ability to respond to pilots control regardless of stability characteristics

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3
Q

the aircraft is free to rotate about what axis?

A

yaw
pitch
roll

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4
Q

what axis is yaw, pitch, roll on?

A

yaw is vertical axis
pitch is lateral axis
roll is longitudinal axis

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5
Q

what is a positive yaw?

A

positive yaw is right

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6
Q

what is the primary control of yaw?

A

rudder

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7
Q

what is a positive pitch?

A

nose up

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8
Q

what is the primary control of pitch?

A

elevators

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9
Q

what is a positive roll?

A

left wing up
right wing down

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10
Q

what is the primary control of roll what is also the secondary control?

A

ailerons are primary control
rudder also has effect

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11
Q

what movement, rotation and stability does aileron do?

A

movement - roll
rotation - longitudinal
stability - lateral

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12
Q

what movement, rotation and stability does elevators/ stabilizers do?

A

movement - pitch
rotation - lateral
stability - longitudinal

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13
Q

what movement, rotation and stability does rudder do?

A

movement - yaw
rotation - vertical
stability -directional

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14
Q

what does static stability refer to?

A

initial tendency of an aircraft to return back to equilibrium

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15
Q

what are the three types of static stability?

A

positive negative and neutral

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16
Q

what is positive stability?

A

tendency to return to original state of equilibrium after being disturbed

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17
Q

what is neutral stability?

A

once disturbed it will remain in its new altitude

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18
Q

what is negative stability?

A

aircraft will continue to move away from its original altitude once disturbed

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19
Q

what is dynamic stability?

A

refers to aircraft response over time when given pitch, yaw or bank

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20
Q

what are the three types of dynamic stability?

A

positive
negative
neutral

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21
Q

what is positive dynamic stability?

A

has oscillations that dampen over time as it returns to its equilibrium stage

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22
Q

what is neutral dynamic stability?

A

have oscillations that never dampen out

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23
Q

what is negative dynamic stability?

A

have oscillations that worsen over time

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24
Q

what is longitudinal stability?

A

tendency for the nose to pitch up or pitch down around the lateral axis

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25
what does a longitudinal unstable aircraft do?
dive or climb progressively or into a deep dive or stall
26
what are the three factors of longitudinal stability?
location of the wing with respect to the center of gravity location of horizontal tail surface with respect to center of gravity area or size of the tail surface
27
what is stability?
a body free to rotate always turns about its center of gravity
28
what does a horizontal stabilizer produce during level flight?
downward force acting with the center of gravity
29
if the moment arm is balanced between what there will be no change in altitude?
force acting on the horizontal stabilizer and the force from the wings
30
when does positive longitudinal stability occur?
when the center of gravity as a result of the aircrafts weight is forward of the aerodynamic center
31
when will the longitudinal stability be high or low?
will be high when the distance between CoG and aerodynamic center is great will be negative when the distance between CoG and aerodynamic center is small
32
what is directional stability?
stability around vertical axis
33
what can improve directional stability?
increase the surface behind the center of gravity by using a dorsal fin sweep back of a wing
34
what happens when an aircraft is deflected from its original flight path?
the forward going wing has a larger frontal area to the airflow
35
what are the 4 factors that make an aircraft latterly stable?
dihedral sweep back keel effect weight distribution
36
more specifically what is lateral stability determined by?
AOA dihedral angle sweep back angle
37
during level flight the AOA is equal to what?
to the weight
38
what is the effective AOA?
angle between resultant velocity and the chord line
39
when there is a gust one one side of the aircraft what will happen?
the wing the gust is on will rise and have a up going velocity and the other wing will have a down going velocity
40
what do dihedral angles do?
help restore level flight
41
what creates a resultant force?
lift and weight
42
what does the resultant force create?
a sideslip
43
what does a sideslip cause?
flow of air in opposite direction to the relative wind
44
what stops the slide slip?
difference in lift
45
what affects lateral stability?
directional stability
46
what is sideslip?
angle between the aircraft centerline and direction of side slip
47
what is relative wind opposite to?
sideslip direction
48
in slide slip what brings the aircraft back to level flight?
difference in lift on wings
49
what is the keel effect?
type of lateral stability
50
an aircraft with a positive static stability with a strong keel effect would make what difficult?
to roll left and right
51
what acts as the keel?
the fuselage as it keeps aircraft pointed in desired direction
52
what aircraft have a higher keel effect?
high wing aircraft
53
what is a spiral dive?
exits when there is a grater effect on directional stability on the lateral stability
54
the rate of divergence in the spiral motion is usually what?
so gradual that the pilot can control it without difficulty
55
what type of oscillation is Dutch roll?
lateral directional oscillation
56
what is Dutch roll?
exits when there is a grater effect on lateral stability than directional stability
57
how can Dutch roll be partially overcome?
by reducing the sweep angle of the wing to improve directional stability
58
how can directional stability be improved?
by increasing the size of the vertical stabilizer
59
what can a yaw dampener assist with in terms of Dutch roll?
assist during single engine failure and coordinated turns
60
what is relaxed stability?
allows the aircraft to be designed for aerodynamic efficiency opposed to handling
61
stability increases with what?
with speed
62
to keep an aircraft level what has to be done?
tail has to apply torque to trim out the tendency to pitch down
63
what system do most modern aircraft use?
fly by wire

Mod 8 basic aerodynamics (4 decks)

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