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Zoology > Mammals > Flashcards

Mammals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest mammal?

A

Blue whale

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2
Q

What are the smallest mammals by body mass?

A

Etruscan Shrew

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3
Q

What are the smallest mammal by body size?

A

Bumblebee bat

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4
Q

What are features of mammals?

A 
Mammary glands
Hair 
Neocortex 
3 middle ear bones
Single lower jaw bone attached to skull 
Complex placenta
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5
Q

What are the three major groups of according to pattern of embryonic development?

A

Prototheria (monotremes)
Metatheria (marsupials)
Eutheria (placentals)

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6
Q

When did shrew like mammals first appear?

A

Triassic (225-195mya)

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7
Q

What reptiles did mammals evoke from?

A

Synapsid reptiles

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8
Q

When did mammals diverse further?

A

100 million years ago

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9
Q

How many mammal species are there?

A

5500

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10
Q

How many orders of mammals are there?

A

28

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11
Q

What are features of monotremes?

A 
Primitive
Egg laying 
5 species 
Eg platypus 
One opening 
No nipples 
Spur on the hind leg
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12
Q

What are features of marsupials?

A

Give birth to poorly developed young
Young develop in the pouch
7 orders
Convergent evolution

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13
Q

What are features of the rodents?

A

1 pair of continuously growing incisors in each jaw
Many herbivorous but some omnivorous
Hugely dominates mammals (most)

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14
Q

What are features of Lagomorpha?

A

2 pairs of incisors in upper jaw

Eg rabbits and hares

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15
Q

What are features of Primates?

A

Distinctive skeletal structure, opposable thumb, large brain
Intelligent

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16
Q

What are features of Insectivores?

A

Small ground dwelling
Insectivorous
Eg mole shrew

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17
Q

What are features of Chiroptera?

A 
Bats
Webbed wings 
Large fruit bats and echo locating bats 
Disease vectors 
Highly diverse
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18
Q

What are features of carnivores?

A

Distinctive skull structure
Mostly meat eaters
Eg cat dog
Top predators

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19
Q

What are features of Ungulates?

A

Hoofed mammal
Perissodactyla eg horse rhino
Artiodactyla eg sheep
Herbivores

20
Q

What are features of cetaceans?

A

Flippers
Aquatic
Eg whales dolphins
Echolocation and electroception

21
Q

What are the importances of mammals?

A 
Resource of milk hair skin 
Hunting 
Ecotourism 
Research animals
Pets
22
Q

What are negatives of mammals?

A

Pests

Disease

23
Q

How many mammals are at risk of extinction?

A

25%

24
Q

How many mammals have become extinct in last 500 years?

A

82

25
Q

What is anisogamy?

A

Male or female (what gametes, how big and how much investment)

26
Q

Why are female gametes more costly than males?

A

Eggs are bigger with larger energy store and produce less

27
Q

What limits males breeding success?

A

Number of eggs able to be fertilised

28
Q

What limits female breeding success?

A

Number of young raised

29
Q

Why should males compete?

A

Eggs are a limited resource

30
Q

How does gestation and lactation influences mating?

A

Females are constrained for lengthy development

Males can move on post copulation

31
Q

When diet groups should males stick around in?

A

Carnivores- prey must be hunted, parental care needed, females solitary

32
Q

What diet groups should males sleep around?

A

Herbivore- no parental care, female in groups

33
Q

What is monogamy?

A

1 male

1 female

34
Q

What is polygamy?

A

Multiple mating

35
Q

What is polygyny?

A

1 male with many females

36
Q

What is polyandry?

A

1 female with many males

37
Q

What is the most common mating system in mammals?

A

Polygyny

38
Q

What is a lek?

A

Group of males display to females who come to mate but not for resources

39
Q

What are polygynandrous species?

A

Both sexes have multiple partners

40
Q

Why would a mammal be solitary?

A

If can easily defend territory and resources

Too predators on have to hunt for themselves

41
Q

Why would a mammal be semi sociality?

A

Mammals form temporary groups in certain conditions
For warmth
For reproduction
For protection

42
Q

Why would a mammal be a sociality?

A

Eat but don’t get eaten

Individual breed independently

43
Q

Why would mammals be communal breeders?

A

When stable groups occur, cooperation is advantageous eg.dogs hunting
Females breed and share offspring care
Low reproductive skew

44
Q

Why would mammals be cooperative breeders?

A 
If there’s breeding constraints 
Young or small females may stay in the group but not breed 
Non breeders may benefit from helping 
High reproductive skew 
Often only one female breeds
45
Q

Which groups cooperatively breed?

A

Primates
Carnivores
Rodents

46
Q

What happens in Eusociality?

A

In extreme cases non breeding females are sterile

Breeding females and workers show specialisation

Zoology (8 decks)

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