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Infectious Agents > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What do phagocytic cells do?

A

Ingest foreign bodies.

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of polymorph phagocytic cells?

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

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3
Q

What do monocytes in blood mature into?

A

Tissue macrophages

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4
Q

Are lymphocytes phagocytic?

A

No

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5
Q

What are the 4 steps of phagocytosis?

A

Organism ingested and held in phagosome.
Fusion with lysosome
Phagolysosome
Intra-cellular killing

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6
Q

What organisms are resistant to phagocytosis?

A

Capsulated organisms.

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7
Q

Give an example of an organism which is resistant to intracellular killing.

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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8
Q

What does the spleen clear?

A

Blood.

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9
Q

What does the liver clear?

A

Enterohepatic circulation

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10
Q

What do lymph nodes drain?

A

Peripheral sites.

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11
Q

Define opsonization.

A

An organism coated with antibody or complement. Phagocytic cell has receptors for both.

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12
Q

What is created in acquired immunity?

A

Immunological memory

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13
Q

What is each antigen usually a mixture of?

A

Epitopes.

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14
Q

What is the code for immunoglobulins?

A

Ig

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15
Q

What is the code for primary response?

A

IgM

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16
Q

What is the code for secondary response?

A

IgG

17
Q

What is the code for mucosal immunity?

A

IgA

18
Q

What is the code for allergy and helminth infection?

A

IgE

19
Q

What do B-lymphocytes do when the recognise a specific epitope?

A

Differentiate into plasma cells.

20
Q

B-Lymphocytes require help from ______.

A

CD4 T-Cells.

21
Q

A monoclonal antibody has specificity for a ______ epitope. A polyclonal antibody has ______ specificity.

A

Single, multiple.

22
Q

What is a complement?

A

Complex cascade of 20 or so proteins (importantly C1-C9).

23
Q

What does an antibody do to bacterial toxins?

A

Neutralises them.

24
Q

What does an antibody do to viruses in the viraemic stage?

A

Neutralises them.

25
Q

What does an antibody do for microorganisms?

A

Prevents their adherence.

26
Q

What does an antibody do for organisms?

A

Opsonized encapsulated ones.

27
Q

Complement cascade by-products are ______.

A

Chemotactic.

28
Q

Give 4 features of humoral immunity.

A

Mostly bacterial infection
Extra-cellular
Acute inflammation
Neutrophilia.

29
Q

What are cytokines produced for?

A

To control the cells immune response.

30
Q

What are the 2 types of T Cell?

A

CD4 helper cells

CD8 Suppressor and cytotoxic cells.

31
Q

What do CD4 Th1 cells do?

A

Activate macrophages to ingest or kill pathogen.

32
Q

What do CD8 cells do?

A

Kill infected host cells or foreign cells.

33
Q

What is candida albicans also known as?

A

AIDS

34
Q

What type of cellular infection is lymphocytosis?

A

Intracellular.

Infectious Agents (16 decks)

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