Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

*Neuroendocrine Exam 3 > Hypothalamic-Pituitary Relationships > Flashcards

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Relationships Flashcards

1
Q

Neural portion of the pituitary is the:

A

Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epithelial portion of the pituitary is the:

A

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypophysial stalk

A

Connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do cancers of the pituitary extend into?

A

The brain and against the optic n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Location of the SON and PVN

A

Cell bodies are in the hypothalamus and their axons extend into the post pit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What neuropeptides are secreted by the post pit and which nuclei produce them?

A

ADH (SON)

Oxytocin (PVN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the ant pit? (6)

A 
ACTH
TSH 
FSH 
LH
GH
Prolactin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What vasculature connects the hypothalamus to the ant pit?

A

Hypothalamic-hypophysial portal vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 2 “important implications” of the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal vessels?

A

It allows hypothalamic hormones to the ant pit directly and in high conc.
Hypothalamic Hs do not appear in systemic circulation in high concs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Primary endocrine d/o

A

Abn H levels due to problem with peripheral endocrine gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Secondary endocrine d/o

A

Abn H levels due to problem with pituitary gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tertiary endocrine d/o

A

Abn H levels due to problem with hypothalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
Which Hs are secreted by the following cell types?
Corticotroph
Thyrotroph
Gonadotroph
Somatotroph
Lactotroph
A 
C - ACTH
T - TSH
G - FSH and LH
S - GH
L - prolactin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acromegaly

A

Dz caused by prolonged secretion of GH as an adult.
Develops very gradually.
Excessive growth of soft tissues, cartilage, bones, face, hands, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What gene transcription is stimulated by GH?

A

Somatomedin C (IGF-1) in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
Hypo —> pituitary target —> secretion
TRH
CRH
GnRH
GHRH, somatostatin
TRH, PIF
A

TRH —> thyrotrophs —> TSH
CRH —> corticotrophs —> ACTH
GnRH —> gonadotrophs —> LH, FSH
GHRH (+), Somatostatin (-) —> somatootrophs —> GH
TRH (+), PIF (-) —> lactotrophs —> prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is a pituitary tumor treated? (2)

A

Initially, it is usually via transsphenoidal approach.

If tumor is >1 cm, radiation may be considered.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the targets for meds of acromegaly? (2)

A

Lower GH levels or block effects of GH.

19
Q

3 meds for acromegaly

A

Somatostatin analog
GH receptor antagonist
DA receptor agonist

20
Q

What effect can a DA receptor agonist have on GH secretion?

A

It may decrease GH secretion (effective in approx 25% of pts).

21
Q

In which manner is GH secreted?

A

In a pulsatory manner from somatotrophs.

22
Q

Pathophysiology of GH deficiency

A

Reduced secretion of GHRH (hypothalamic dysfunction) —> decreased GH secretion.
Cannot generate somatomedins —> GH or somatomedin resistance.

23
Q

Pathophysiology of excess GH

A

Usually due to GH-secreting pituitary adenoma.

Can lead to gigantism before puberty OR acromegaly after puberty.

24
Q

What are 3 metabolic functions of GH?

A
  1. Increases blood Glc —> insulin resistance and increased blood insulin levels (diabetogenic effect).
  2. Increased protein synthesis and organ growth. Increases uptake of AAs —> increased DNA/RNA/protein synthesis. Mediated by IGF-1.
  3. Increased linear growth —> increased metabolism of chondrocytes. Mediated by IGF-1.
25
Q

Effects of fasting on GH, somatomedin and insulin

A

Increases GH
Decreases somatomedin
Decreases insulin

26
Q

How does hyperprolactinemia suppress FSH and LH?

A

Prolactin inhibits the hypothalamus from secreting GnRH (GnRH would act on ant pit to secrete FSH/LH).

27
Q 
Hormone and its function:
CRH
DA
GHRH
GnRH
Prolactin
Somatostatin
TRH
A 
CRH: increase ACTH, MSH
DA: decrease prolactin
GHRH: increase GH
GnRH: increase FSH, LH
Prolactin: decrease GnRH
Somatostatin: decrease GH, TSH
TRH: increase TSH, prolactin
28
Q

What are most pituitary tumors? How do they occur?

A

Pituitary adenomas. Spontaneously.

29
Q

Microadenoma vs macroadenoma

A

Microadenoma < 1 cm

Macroadenoma > 1 cm

30
Q

Pituitary tumors grow at which rate?

A

Slowly and a benign.

31
Q

Functional pituitary adenomas

A

Secrete active H, usually in excess

32
Q

Excess of ACTH causes which disease?

A

Cushing’s disease

33
Q

Excess in GH causes which diseases?

A

Acromegaly

Gigantism

34
Q

Excess prolactin causes which disease?

A

Prolactinoma

35
Q

What are some causes of hypopituitarism?

A 
Brain damage
Tumors
Non-pituitary tumors
Infections
Infarction
Autoimmune d/o
Pituitary plasma/hypoplasia
Genetic dz
36
Q

What is Sheehan’s syndrome?

A

Postpartum hypopiuitarism due to necrosis of pituitary gland.

37
Q

What are presenting symptoms of Sheehan syndrome?

A

Most w/ agalactorrhea, trouble lactating, some w/ hypothyroid.

38
Q

3 triggers of ADH secretion

A 
Low BP (baroreceptors)
Decreased arterial stretch (atrial stretch receptors)
Increased Osmolality  (hypothalamic osmoreceptors)
39
Q

Secretion of ADH is most sensitive to?

A

Changes in Osmolality.

40
Q

MOA of ADH in renal collecting duct (4)

A
  1. ADH binds to V2
  2. ATP binds adenylate cyclase —> + cAMP
  3. Activate PKA
  4. Upregulate aquaporins on luminal side of membrane.
41
Q

Central DI

A

Unable to produce ADH from damage to pituitary/hypothalamus.

Treated w/ desmopressin.

42
Q

Nephrogenic DI

A

Kidneys are unable to respond to ADH (increased plasma ADH).

Caused by drugs or chronic disorders.

43
Q

DI results in what kind of urine?

A

High volume urine with low Osmolality.

44
Q

SIADH

A

Excessive ADH secretion.
Excessive water retention.
Hypoosmalality cannot inhibit ADH release.

*Neuroendocrine Exam 3 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions