Cardiovascular system introduction Flashcards
Describe the route deoxygenated blood takes through the heart: valves, chambers and vessels? (7)
Superior and inferior Vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Lungs
Describe the route oxygenated blood takes through the heart: valves, chambers and vessels? (7)
Lungs Pulmonary vein Left atrium Mitra (bicuspid) valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta
What is the ratio of pressure between LHS:RHS?
The LHS of the heart is 4x as pressurised as the RHS
Where does the blood go from the left hand side of the heart? (9)
Heart muscle Digestive system Liver Kidneys Brain Skeletal muscle Skin Bone Other
What are the properties of the aorta and large arteries? (3)
Thick walled
Highly elastic
Distributors
What are the properties of arterioles? (4)
Thick walled
Muscular
Highly innervated
Tissues distributors of flow, variable resistance
What are the properties of capillaries? (3)
Thin walled (single celled) Exchange surface Low pressure
What are the properties of venules and veins? (4)
Thin walled
Some muscle and innervation
Valved (unidirectional)
Reservoirs of blood to return to the heart
What is the structure of a vein? (4)
Tunica externa
Tunica media
Tunica intima
Endothelium
What is the structure of an artery? (4)
Tunica externa
Tunica media
Internal elastic layer
Endothelium
What is the structure of a capillary?
Endothelial cells and basal lamina
What is the equation of flow rate?
Volume/unit time
What is Poiseuille’s law? (4)
Pressure
Length
Radius
Viscosity
All effect flow rate
What is the most important variable that effects flow?
Vessel radius
What stage has the highest pressure in the heart?
Systole 120mmHg
