Children's Orthopaedics Flashcards
What is the incidence of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)?
- 2.4/1000
What are the risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)?
- 6:M = 3:1
- first born
- oligohydramnios
- breech presentation
- family history
- other lower limb deformities
What are the signs of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)?
- Ortolani’s sign
- Barlow’s sign
- piston motion sign
* only pick up 40% of DDH
What are the features of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?
- limp
- knee pain on exercise
- stiff hip
- 15% bilateral
- short stature
- young age
- M:F = 5:1
What are the phases of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?
- avascular necrosis
- fragmentation (revascularisation- pain)
- reossification (bone healing)
- residual deformity
What is the treatment got Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?
- maintain hip motion
- analgesia
- restrict painful activities
- ‘supervised neglect’
- ‘containment’
- prognosis good (if onset < 9 yrs)
What is the prevalence and risk factors for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)?
- 1-10/100,000
- M > F
- 9-14 yrs
- 20% become bilateral
What are the different classifications of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)?
- acute OR chronic
- stable OR unstable
What are the sign of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)?
- hip/knee pain
- externally rotated posture + gait
- reduced internal rotation- esp. when flexed
What is the investigation for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)?
- XR
- lateral view best
What is the pathology of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)?
- displacement through hypertrophic zone
- metaphysis moves anterior and proximal
What is the treatment for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)?
- surgery
What are the complications of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)?
- avascular necrosis
- chondrolysis
- deformity
- early osteoarthritis
