paris peace conference

Question 1

Wilson’s pressures and aims for the ToV

Answer 1

• 14 points: international co-operation and league of nations
• avoid future wars
• avoid communism
• german-americans dont want to see their native country crippled
• americans are isolationists; dont want to get involved
• self-determination

Question 2

Lloyd George’s pressures and aims for the ToV

Answer 2

• avoid communism
• wants strong germany as a trading partner
• british public is angry with germany and LG has to obey the public
• NAVAL SUPREMACY
• imperialist; wants to grow empire and navy

Question 3

Clemenceau’s aims and pressures for ToV

Answer 3

• punish germany severely
• cripple germany permanently
• french fear germany
• wants Alsace-Lorraine back
• wants germany to not have an army or navy
• wants germany to pay reparations

Question 4

Woodrow wilson’s 4 main points from the 14 points

Answer 4

No secret treaties
-no secret arrangement between countries
-countries must deal openly with each other
-less suspition and misunderstanding
Disarmament
-reduction in armed forces and weapons
-reduce tensions and avoids naval races
-countries arent threatned
Self Determination: anti-empire
-small countries in empires must be allowed to form their own nations and rule themselves and choose their own government
League of Nations
-international co-operation to achieve world peace
-compromise using diplomacy, not war

Question 5

What is article 231 and what did this lead to?

Answer 5

WAR GUILT CLAUSE

• germany was forced to accept blame for starting the war
• germany refused to sign it

This lead to germany having tp pay reparations; £6,600million

Question 6

What happened to germany’s territory

Answer 6

Alsace-lorraine returned to France
Germany forbidden to anschluss with austria
West prussia and posen (polish corridor) given to Poland
Saarland’s rich coalfields given to France for 15yrs (run by LoN)
Latvia+Estonia+Lituania given self-determination
Upper silesia to poland
East prussia to lituania
North schleswig to denmark
Danzing(free city) run by LoN given to poland as sea port
Lost 16% of coalfields
Lost 48% of iron industry
Lost 13% pf pre-war territory
Lost 12% of population

Question 7

What happened to germany’s colonies?

Answer 7

All Germany’s colonies were taken and given to france and britain as mandates:

France: Cameroon
Britain: Tanganyika, Southwest Africa
Australia: new guinea

Question 8

Germany’s military limitations

Answer 8

100,000 men in army
No conscription
No armoured vehicles/submarines/airforce
Rhineland demilitarised
6 battleships
Lost 80% of pre-war fleet

Question 9

Treaty of saint germain, 1919

Territory Austria lost and percentage

Answer 9

60%
Bohemia and moravia to czechoslovakia
Bosnia-herzegovina and croatia to yugoslavia
Galicia to poland
Trentino, south tyrol, trieste, istria and some dalmatian islands to italy
Tianjin to china

Question 10

Military and other effect of treaty of saint germain

Answer 10

No conscription
Army= 30,000
No anschluss
Total popl. of 6million
Economy closeted to collapse in 1922-23 bc of hyperinflation
Broke up Habsburg empire

Question 11

Treaty of Trianon, 1920

What % of territory and what did hungary lose?

Answer 11

75% of pre-war territory
3 million hungarians in other states
Transylvania to Romania
Slovakia and Ruthenia to czechoslovakia
Slovenia and croatia to yugoslavia
It was now a landlocked country

Question 12

Military and other effects of treaty of trianon

Answer 12

No conscription
Army=35,000 men
Heavy artillery, tanks and airforce prohibited

Question 13

Treaty of Neuilly, 1919

Bulgaria’s territorial losses and army and reparations

Answer 13

Small areas to yugoslavia, romania, greece (lost access to mediterranean)
Gained land from turkey
£100million in reparations
Army=20,000 men

Question 14

Treaty of Sevres, 1920

Ottoman empire’s territorial losses

Answer 14

Ottoman empire broken up
Smyrna to greece
Syria and lebanon to france as mandates
Iraq, transjordan, palestine to britain as mandates
Rhodes to italy
Kingdom of Hejaz given international recognition
Straits b/w med and black sea made international

Question 15

Effects of treaty is sevres

Answer 15

Nationalists led by kemal ataturk overthrew sultan and challenged the treaty by fighting and throwing Greeks out of Smyrna
Created 1.4m refugees
Kemal refused to sign the treaty
Anger b/c B+F used TOS to expand empires
Arabs who helped B gained little

Question 16

Treaty of Lausanne,1923: new turkey

Territory reparations and military

Answer 16

Treaty recognized borders of modern turkey
Allies no longer controlled Ts economy and finances
No reparations had to be paid
No limits on armed forces
Allied forces withdrew from T

Question 17

Frances losses during ww1

Answer 17

Area larger than Wales destroyed
23,000 factories destroyed
1.4m soldiers killed
2.5m soldiers wounded

Question 18

Britain’s losses during ww1

Answer 18

750k soldiers dead
1.5m wounded
1B in debt
Destroyed Bs economy

Question 19

Germany’s losses during ww1

Answer 19

Nearly 2m soldiers killed
Naval blockade- no supplies entering the country
Rev growing in Germany

Question 20

Other damage(Us It, Russ, A-H Ottoman Empire…)

Answer 20

USA-116k died 
Boosted econ
It 600k dead
Russia-1.7 dead
Large price to surrender
A-h 1.2m deaths
Ottoman e 325k deaths
Total=11m deaths
Spanish influenza killed 25M

Question 21

Effects of Tov on Germany

Answer 21

POLITICAL VIOLENCE
-1920- kapp putsch: ex members of army defeated by general strike by Berlin workers paralyzed essential services(transport)
-1922-Walter rathenau (g foreign minister) murdered by extremists
-Nov1923-hitler led attempt rebellion Munich putsch defeated
RUHR
1921- payed first installment (50m)
1923-Ruhr occupied by French and Belgian troops, took what was owed in goods and raw materials.
Killed=100 workers
Expelling 100,000 protesters from region
HYPERINFLATION
gov prints money, mark drops dramaTically
Ppl lose savings, Econ hardship
G starts to recover but 1929 hits GDep

Question 22

German reaction 14 points and LoN

Answer 22

Self def for Germans ignored
Disarmament only applies to G
Germany not allowed in LoN

Question 23

G reaction loss of territories

Answer 23

Loss of all colonies-hyprocritic
Loss of 12% of pool
Country split by polish corridor
Lost 13% of pre war territory
Lost industrial and economic areas(Saar)

Question 24

German reaction non representation

Answer 24

Unfair
ToV is a dictat
Forced to sign ToV if not naval blockade would continue
Not invited to Paris peace conference-no rep

Question 25

German reactions disarmament

Answer 25

Tiny army
Only Germany and other defeated countries disarmed
G unable to defend itself
Proud military tradition destroyed

Question 26

German reaction war guilt and reparations

Answer 26

Germany solely blamed
Unfair
Crippling reparations

Question 27

Was ToV fair? Territory

Answer 27

FAIR
Austrian German alliance helped cause ww1
Self-det+ plebiscites used to take land from G (north Schleswig)
France destroyed need reparations
UNFAIR
huge areas of land taken from G-anger
Often self determination not used-Alsace-Lorraine

Question 28

Was ToV fair? Economic

Answer 28

FAIR
Ger accepts war guilt, should pay for the war
France and Belgium need reparations to rebuild
UNFAIR
Ger doesn’t accept war guilt, forced to by big3& November criminals
Ger didn’t solely cause ww1
G economically destroyed

Question 29

Was Tov fair militarily?

Answer 29

FAIR
ger was aggressor attacked belg and france in 1914
Ger militarism a threat to everyone, still
UNFAIR
every country has the right to defend itself-G can’t

Question 30

Was Tov fair? Other

Answer 30

FAIR
g treated USSR harshly in treaty of Brest-litovsk(1917)
G is war Mongering shouldn’t be in LoN 
Did start the war( Kaiser Wilhem, Serbia)
UNFAIR
g signed an armistice not a surrender 
Treaty is a diktat, no negotiation 
G banned from LoN 
Humiliation for G