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Reproduction and Breeding > Mendelian Genetics > Flashcards

Mendelian Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gene?

A

Discrete hereditary unit of information

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2
Q

What is the locus?

A

The position of a gene on a chromosome

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3
Q

What is an allele?

A

A different version of the same gene

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4
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

A diploid organism pair of identical alleles

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5
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

A diploid organism pair of different alleles

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6
Q

What is the phenotype?

A

The physical appearence

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7
Q

What is the genotype?

A

Genetic composition

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8
Q

How did Mendel choose the organisms?

A

Short life cycle, large number offspring, many varieties of them, controlled matings, either or characteristics

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9
Q

What is a character?

A

A feature that varies

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10
Q

What are traits?

A

The variations of the feature

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11
Q

What is a true breeding strain?

A

A trait thats unchanged over several generations from self fertilisation

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12
Q

What does Monohybrid crossing mean?

A

Analyses only one character - flower colour

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13
Q

What is Mendels first law?

A

Allele segregation

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14
Q

First law of segregation involves….

A

Meiosis - chromosomes duplicate, homologous chromosomes seperate - then they split so there is 4 sister chromatids

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15
Q

Are the genotype and phenotype ratios different?

A

Yes as a dominant recessive are the same as dominant dominant traits.

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16
Q

What is a testcross?

A

Consider the phenotype - dominant purple - could be PP or Pp how do we work this out - If its PP all will be purple if its Pp 50:50

17
Q

What is a dihybrid cross?

A

Examine two characteristics simultaneously

18
Q

Examples of dihybrid?

A

Shape and Colour? They have 4 alleles essentially

19
Q

Dihybrid colour how does it work?

A

Same letter for different colours - yellow is dominant letter green is recessive letter

20
Q

Dihybrid Shape how does it work?

A

Same letter for different shapes - Wrinkled is recessive, round is dominant

21
Q

What would be yellow and round?

A

YYRR

22
Q

When is the acroynm FOIL used?

A

When crossing the F1 generation in a dihybrid to find the F2 generation

23
Q

What are some human mendelian traits?

A

Albinism, Colour blindness, Cystic Fibrosis, Huntingtons, Acrochondrodysplasia, Widows peak

24
Q

What shape is the male in a pedigree tree?

A

Square

25
Q

What shape is the female in a pedigree tree?

A

Circle

26
Q

What are the carriers in a pedigree tree?

A

Dot in the middle

Reproduction and Breeding (6 decks)

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