Neurophysiology of Emotion (Karius DSA)

Question 1

What is the role of the hypothalamus in relation to emotion?

Answer 1

physiologic response to emotion

Question 2

What is the role of the olfactory cortex in response to emotion?

Answer 2

odors serve as a strong stimulus for emotion

Question 3

What is the role of the thalamus in relation to emotion?

Answer 3

Relays sensory information into system

Question 4

What is the role of the basal ganglia in relation to emotion?

Answer 4

Tied to pleasure and disgust

Question 5

What is the role of the hippocampus in relation to emotion?

Answer 5

links emotion to memory creating, surrounding regions linked to suprise

Question 6

What is the role of the amgydala in relation to emotion?

Answer 6

strongly linked with fear and anger

• requires dompaine acting at D2 receptors
• D2 receptor antagonists will cause you to be unable to recognize anger in yourself or others
• damage in the amygdala will cause a loss of the conditioned fear respsonse

Question 7

What is the role of the anterior cingualte cortex in relation to emotion?

Answer 7

higher level control, saddness

also important in “after discharge” (ew) which is what causes a persistence of emotion of the stimulating event

Question 8

What brain region produces and influences anger?

Answer 8

amygdala produces.

supressed by neocortical, septal, and hypothalamic influences

Question 9

What brain regions influences avoidance?

Answer 9

entorhinal cortex, dorsal midbrain, lateral posterior hypothalamus

avoidance is the opposite of pleasure/reward and prevents behaviour that has short term rewards but long term negative consequences (like drugs, don’t do drugs kids, stay in school)

Question 10

What brain region influences sadness?

Answer 10

lower sector of anterior cingulate cortex

Question 11

What brain regions infleunce disgust?

Answer 11

putamen and insular cortex (destroyed in Huntington’s Disease)

Question 12

What brain regions influence surprise?

Answer 12

Parahippocampal gyrus

Question 13

Learned fear pathways

direct:

indirect:

Answer 13

D: thalamoamygdaloid pathway goes to lateral nucleus of the amygdala and mediates rapid response to fear

ID: thalamocorticoamgydaloid pwath to lateral nucleus of amygdala and mediates a later response

inputs of both pathways end at the lateral nucleus of the thalamus where sensory info is integrated and send to basal and intercalated nuclei and then to central nucleus of amygdala and then to hypothalamus where physiologic response is generated

Question 14

Emotions can be learned and mimicked via the

Answer 14

mirror neuron system

damage here is seen in autism

if you can’t identify an emotion in someone else, you will probably also have difficulty experiencing that emotion

Experience and identification of emotion are interrelated

Question 15

What is the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in higher order processing of emotion?

Answer 15

Occurs in the ventral region

integrates all sensory and emotion processing

controls emotional display

helps in conflict detection, what new info has the power to change current emotional state

Question 16

What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in higher order processing of emotion?

Answer 16

uses ventromedial subdivision

functions in reward processing

does that “gut feeling”

helps us with delayed gratification

Question 17

The overall cortical control of emotion has three roles

Answer 17

reward processing, linking a new stimulus with primary reward (orbitofrontal)

integration of bodily signals, gut feeling

top down regulation, helping with delayed gratification

Question 18

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex receives input from where?

Answer 18

amygdala, hippocampus, temporal visual association area, dorsolateral prefontal cortex