Ethics and Morality

Question 1

Generic term for various ways of UNDERSTANDING and EXAMINING the MORAL LIFE.

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

Ethics is derived from what Greek Word?

Answer 2

“ethos”

Question 3

Greek word “ethos” means?

Answer 3

• Disposition

OR

• Trait

Question 4

“Ethos” constituted part of what Greek phrase?

Answer 4

“Ethike Aretai” which means

SKILLS OF CHARACTER

Question 5

Greek word “arete” connotes what terms?

Answer 5

• Excellence
• Good
• Skill

Question 6

Greek ethics were __________: which means that THEY ASSUMED THAT THINGS DEVELOPED TOWARDS A NATURAL GOAL

Answer 6

Teleological

Question 7

In Greek medicine, if we want to know what makes a good physician, we need to know the?

Answer 7

Goal of Medicine

Question 8

The GOAL OF MEDICINE is to?

Answer 8

Heal the Sick

Question 9

What VIRTUES does the goal of medicine require?

Answer 9

1) Compassion
2) Knowledge of Healing
3) Skill in Human Relations

• mneumonic: ChaKeS (“Shakey’s”)

Question 10

In the view of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, these “ethika aretae” were?

Answer 10

• Courage
• Temperance
• Wisdom
• Justice

Question 11

Today we know these traits (courage, temperance, wisdom and justice) as the?

Answer 11

Cardinal Virtues

Question 12

In the fourth century C.E., CHRISTIANITY added its THEOLOGICAL VIRTUES, what are these virtues?

Answer 12

• Faith
• Hope
• Charity
• Mnemonic: similar sa “PHC” pero FHC *i dunno this be helpful sana

Question 13

How manu Cardinal Virtues are there?

Answer 13

Seven

*CHRISTIANITY also added 7 DEADLY SINS

Question 14

What is the MASTER VICE among the 7 deadly sins?

Answer 14

Pride

Question 15

Good physicians always exhibit __________, which means “to suffer with”.

Answer 15

Compassion

Question 16

Refers to NORMS about RIGHT and WRONG human conduct that are so widely shared that they form a STABLE SOCIAL CONSENSUS.

Answer 16

Morality

• As a social institution, it encompasses many standards of conduct, including moral principles, rules, rights and virtues.

Question 17

Rules for human beings, according to the ROME’S STOIC PHILOSOPHERS, were so embedded in the TEXTURE OF THE WORLD that they were law for humans. These laws came to be known as?

Answer 17

Natural Law

Question 18

__________ there made explicit the connection between GOD and the NATURAL LAW: a RATIONAL God made the world work rationally and gave humans REASON TO DISCOVER these laws.

Answer 18

Aquinas

Question 19

__________ taught in the fourth century CE that SIN CONTAMINATED human feelings and therefore LUST, SLOTH, AVARICE and PRIDE infected humans.

Answer 19

St. Augustine

Question 20

Natural law theory bequeathed to medical ethics the famous _______________________.

Answer 20

Doctrine of Double Effect

Question 21

Explain Doctrine of Double Effect

Answer 21

(1) if the action was good in itself or not evil
(2) if the good followed as immediately from the cause as did the evil effect
(3) if only the good effect was intended, and (4) if there was as important a reason for performing the action as for allowing the evil effect.

Question 22

This doctrine FORBIDS physicians from assisting in executions, since it forbids an intention to assist in killings. On the other hand, it allows increasing dosages of morphine for terminal patients, so long as the intention is to relieve suffering, not to kill the patient.

Answer 22

Double Effect

Question 23

The principle of totality is derived from what law?

Answer 23

Natural Law

Question 24

It says that the human body may be changed only to ensure the proper functioning of that body. The underlying idea is that one’s body is not something that one owns, but that one holds in trust for God: “The body is the temple of the Lord.”

Answer 24

Principle of Totality

Question 25

Who lived during the Enlightenment, and believed in the power of reason to solve human problems.

Answer 25

Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804)

Question 26

The distinctive elements of Kantian Ethics are the following:

Answer 26

a) Ethics is not a matter of consequences but of duty.
b) A right act has a maxim that is universalizable.
c) A right always treats other human as “ends-in-themselves,” never as a “mere means.”
d) People are only free when they act rationally

Question 27

The only one correct motive in Kantian ethics?

Answer 27

to be a good person, to do what is right, to have a “pure will”

Question 28

A right act has a maxim that is UNIVERSALIZABLE

Answer 28

An act is right if one can will its maxim or rule to be acted on by all others. “Lie to get out of keeping a promise” cannot be so willed because if everyone acted this way, promise making would mean nothing.

Question 29

to treat another person as an ______________ is to treat him as having absolute, infinite moral worth, not relative worth. So patients cannot unwittingly be used as guinea pigs in dangerous experiments to advance medical knowledge.

Answer 29

“end-in-himself”