Modernism Early 1900s- Interwar Period

Question 1

Picasso & Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

Answer 1

-Impressionist artist

Question 2

Stravinsky

Answer 2

-Russian modern classical composer

Question 3

Serge Diaghilev

Answer 3

Russian art critic, famous for modern ballet

Question 4

Schoenberg

Answer 4

Austrian composer and painter assoc. w/ the expressionist movement

Question 5

Neoclassicism

Answer 5

Western movements in the arts that draw inspiration from the classical art and culture of Ancient Greece/Rome

Question 6

Modernism

Answer 6

• Encompasses a diverse and contradictory set of theories of cultural production- art, dance, and music.
• Shared traits included a sense that the world had changed and such change should be embraced.
• A second belief was that traditional values and assumptions were outdated.
• Thirdly, a new conception of what art could do, that stressed expression over representation and insisted on experimentation and freedom.

Question 7

Charles Baudelaire and the Flowers of Evil

Answer 7

-French poet whose work dealt with decadence and eroticism in the modernist movement

Question 8

Impressionism

Answer 8

• Young artists who attempted to record phenomena objectively
• Emphasis on experimentation and autonomy

Question 9

Expressionism

Answer 9

Present the world from subjective perspective to evoke moods and ideas

• emphasis on individual perspective
• reaction to impressionism

Question 10

Gustav Klimt

Answer 10

Austrian symbolist painter- eroticism

-Member of the Vienna Secession movement which objected to prevailing conservatism

Question 11

Freud

Answer 11

• Austrian who introduced psychoanalysis in which unconscious drives and desires conflict with a rational and moral conscience (which causes mental disorders)
• Challenged rationality by stressing the irrational/unconscious, a type of modernism. -He was Jewish, studied internal workings of the mind as he was persecuted by Anti-Semitists

Question 12

Justine Baker, Louis Armstrong

Answer 12

• Jazz
• Spreads from America to Europe
• Exotic, wild, modern, sexualized
• Anti-bourgeoisie

Question 13

Einstein, Curie, Planck, Heisenberg

Answer 13

• Physicists
• Changing views of the world by disproving fundamentals
• Nothing is definite, lacked objectivity: ambiguities of the modern world

Question 14

The New Woman

Answer 14

• New fashion, smoking, drinking, swearing etc.
• Political activism: getting the vote
• Went to work, educated
• Seen as unnerving and dangerous since they could disrupt the power structure
• Served as a flashpoint for other social anxieties

Question 15

Walter Gropius/ Bauhaus

Answer 15

• Bauhaus: German school est. in 1919
• “modern” building: not ornamental but pragmatic
• functionalism: practical, useful
• democratic structure: everyone has equal access to usable spaces
• Materials pre-fabricated
• WWI: extension of Wilson’s self-determination principle- every nation deserves independence, every people deserve access to space

Question 16

Dada

Answer 16

Modern art movement

• Experimental, shock factor
• Subconscious focus
• Political undertones: social critique, challenging established culture, anarchy

Question 17

Nietzche

Answer 17

• Argued that faith in science, reason, and religion were futile attempts to attain security and truth.
• Challenge to rationality by stating that individual struggle against chaotic universe was the only form of salvation for Western civilizations

Question 18

Heidiger, Sarte, Camus, Lukacs

Answer 18

• Philosophers, existentialists
• Believed that philosophical thinking begins with the human subject—not merely the thinking subject, but the acting, feeling, living human individual

Question 19

Liberal democracy

Answer 19

• representative democracy
• characterized by fair, free, and competitive elections
• ,a separation of powers into different branches of government,
• the equal protection of human rights, civil rights, civil liberties, and political freedoms

Question 20

Fascism

Answer 20

• seek to unify their nation through a totalitarian state that promotes the mass mobilization of the national community
• the veneration of the state, a devotion to a strong leader, and an emphasis on ultranationalism, ethnocentrism, and militarism.

Question 21

Communism

Answer 21

-movement to create a classless, moneyless and stateless social order -structured upon common ownership of the means of production, as well as a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of this social order