[7] Croup Flashcards

1
Q

What is croup also known as?

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

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2
Q

What is croup?

A

A common respiratory disease of childhood affecting the trachea, bronchi and larynx

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3
Q

What is croup characterised by?

A

Sudden onset of seal-like barking cough

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4
Q

What causes croup?

A

A viral infection that leads to swelling of the larynx, trachea and large bronchi

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5
Q

What causes the swelling of the airways in croup?

A

Infiltration of white blood cells

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6
Q

What does swelling of the airways lead to?

A

Obstruction

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7
Q

What can happen in severe cases?

A

Obstruction causes increased work of breathing and stridor

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8
Q

What organisms typically cause croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus types 1 or 3

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9
Q

What are the risk factors for croup?

A
  • Age 6 months - 6 years
  • Male sex
  • Prior intubation
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10
Q

How does croup typically present?

A
  • Barking cough
  • Hoarse voice
  • Difficulty in breathing
  • Rasping sound when breathing
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11
Q

How is croup diagnosed?

A

Largely a clinical diagnosis

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12
Q

How is croup treated?

A

It is typically self-limiting within 48 hours

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13
Q

What advice should parents be given for supportive management?

A
  • Sit child upright
  • Give them fluids
  • Comfort the child
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14
Q

What can often make the symptoms of croup worse?

A

Crying

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15
Q

If croup requires medical management, how should it be classified?

A

Mild, moderate or severe

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16
Q

What constitutes mild croup?

A

No stridor at rest

17
Q

How is mild croup medically treated?

A

Single dose of dexamethasone at diagnosis

18
Q

What constitutes moderate croup?

A

Stridor at rest without lethargy or agitation

19
Q

How is moderate croup medically managed?

A

Single dose of dexamethasone and nebulised adrenaline

20
Q

What constitutes severe croup?

A

Stridor at rest with agitation and lethargy

21
Q

How is severe croup medically treated?

A
  • Corticosteroids
  • Nebulised adrenaline
  • Supplemental oxygen
22
Q

What may be required if there is impending respiratory failure?

A

Intubation

23
Q

What can croup very rarely result in?

A

Respiratory failure and/or cardiac arrest

24
Q

What are some other uncommon complications associated with croup?

A
  • Bacterial tracheitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Pulmonary oedema