1.1.2:temporal variations influence on coastal environments

Question 1

Rapid processes

3

Answer 1

tides
waves
currents

Question 2

Tides motion

Answer 2

Periodic rises and falls

Question 3

High tide

Answer 3

When the earth’s surface is close to the moon it pulls on the water and causes it to rise = high tide

Question 4

Low tide

Answer 4

When the earth’s surface is further from the moon, the impacts of this gravitational pull is less = low tide

Question 5

Spring tide

Answer 5

Big tide

When the sun, moon and earth are all in a straight line = the tide raising force is the strongest

Question 6

Neap tide

Answer 6

Twice a month, little tide, the moon and sun are positioned at 90 degrees to each other in relation to the earth

Question 7

The Earth orbits the sun

Answer 7

365 days = one orbit

Question 8

The moon orbits the earth

Answer 8

28 days

Question 9

Diurnal

Answer 9

daily

Question 10

semi-diurnal

Answer 10

2 high tides and 2 low tides a day approx.

every 24 hours

Question 11

diurnal tides

Answer 11

1 high tide and 1 low tide a day

Question 12

Tidal ranges

3

Answer 12

macro-tidal
meso-tidal
micro-tidal

Question 13

Macro-tidal

Answer 13

more than 4m

Question 14

Meso-tidal

Answer 14

2 to 4m

Question 15

Micro-tidal

Answer 15

less than 2m

Question 16

Destructive wave

Answer 16

weak swash, strong backwash

Question 17

Constructive waves

Answer 17

strong swash, weak backwash

Question 18

Factors affecting waves

3

Answer 18

beach gradient
fetch
wind

Question 19

What forms waves

Answer 19

the wind

Question 20

How does the wind form waves?

Answer 20

Frictional effect on seawater = motion on upper surface of water.
The waves break coz they reach the shallower part of the shore = waves change shape which produces different types of breaking wave

Question 21

Types of currents

4

Answer 21

Tidal
Shore normal
Rip
Longshore

Question 22

Tidal currents

Answer 22

Water floods the intertidal zone at high tide, moving and depositing sediment and then as the tide falls (ebb tide) sediment moves in the reverse direction.

Question 23

Shore normal currents

Answer 23

Waves align parallel to the coastline, pushing water straight up the beach.

Question 24

Rip currents

Answer 24

Water returning directly (after shore normal currents) away from the shore can form strong, fast-moving channels of water.

Question 25

Longshore currents

Answer 25

Waves approach the shoreline at an oblique angle but return straight down the beach moving sediment parallel to the shore.