Chapter 4 Flashcards
Cellular Metabolism
combination of all chemical reactions occuring in a cell
Anabolism
small molecules built into larger ones
Catabolism
larger molecules broken down into smaller ones
Enzymes
catalytic proteins that increase the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
Substrate
molecule on which an enzyme acts
Active Site
part of an enzyme molecule that temporarily binds a molecule
Activation Energy
energy required to intiate a chemical reaction
Factors that can affect enzymes
excess heat radiation specific chemicals extreme ph valves poisons
Cellular Respiration
reaction that transfers energy from molecules for cellular use
Glycolysis
splits 1 glucose into 2 pyruvic acids
location: cytoplasm
final product: 4 ATPs but only 2 are used, 2 NADH and H+ ions
Citric Acid Cycle
pyruvic acid is converted into Acetyl ColA
location: mitochondria
final product: 2 ATPS, NADH and FADH2, 2 CO2
Electron Transport Chain
NADH and FADH2 caring H+ ions and electrons to ETC ATP synthesis occurs
location: mitochondria
final product: 32-34 ATPS
DNA replication
- hydrogen bonds break between base pairs
- strands unwinds and seperates
- new nucleotides pairs with exposed bases under DNA polymerase
- other enzymes connect new sugar phosphates backbone
mRNA
carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes
tRNA
aligns amino acids during protein synthesis