14. CP Lung Volume DSA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal value for:

Tidal Volume

A

500 mL

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2
Q

What is the normal value for:

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

3,000 mL

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3
Q

What is the normal value for:

Epiratory Reserve Volume

A

1,200 mL

(same as reserve volume)

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4
Q

What is the normal value for:

Reserve Volume

A

1,200 mL

(same as expiratory reserve volume)

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5
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

Total lung volume minus reserve volume

(Vt + ERV + IRV)

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6
Q

What is inspiratory capacity?

A

Capacity of air that can be maximally inspired following a normal exhale

IRV + Vt

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7
Q

Define Tidal Volume

A

the amount of air inspired pr expired in a single breath

can vary (increases with aerobic activity)

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8
Q

What is residual volume?

A

the volume of air that cannot be forced out

When you get the wind knocked out of you, you only have residual volume left (thus the gasping/etc)

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9
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

additional volume inhaled greater than tidal volume

(forced inhalation, between quiet inspiration and max. inspiration)

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10
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

additional volume that can be exhaled greater than tidal volume (not including residual volume)

requires expt. muscles

(tidal volume plus forced exp. volume)

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11
Q

What is total lung capacity?

A

max volume to which lungs can be expanded with greatest effort

(TV + IRV + ERV+RV)

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12
Q

Define functional residual capacity

A

amount of air that remains in the lungs following a normal expiration

FRC=ERV+RV

(helps prevent collapse of lungs/dilutes toxins/reduces workload)

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13
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

amount of air that can be maximally inspired following a maximal expiration

IRV+VT+ERV

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14
Q

What influences lung volumes?

A
  • Body size
  • age (increased FRC, RV with increased age, FVC decreases with age)
  • Posture (decreased FRC when supine)
  • Sex
  • Ethnicity
  • Obesity (reduces all static lung volumes, esp. RV and FRC, but NOT TV)
  • other pulmonary diseases
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15
Q

How do we measure residual volume with helium dilution?

A

inhalation of a known concentration (C1) of helium (insoluble in blood) from a known volume (V1)

Change in concentration allows for determination of V2 = FRC

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16
Q

What is body plethysmography?

A

You sit in an enclosed, rigid box

breath against a shutter

the pressure in the lung changes as well as a proportionatly opposite change in box presssure

(Boyle’s Law P1V1=P2V2)

17
Q

how do you measure residual volume with a nitrogen washout?

A

determines FRC

individual breaths 100% O2 through 1 way vlave, all expired gas is collected and monitored until N2 reaches 0

total volume of all gas expired is determined and multiplied by % of N2 in mixed expired air