Final Exam - Chapter 9 - Body Image and Exercise

Question 1

Body Image

Answer 1

How we see our own body.

Question 2

What are the four dimensions of body image?

Answer 2

Perceptual
Cognitive
Affective
Behavioral

Question 3

Perceptual Dimension

Answer 3

The picture of our own body that we form in our mind.

How we see our bodies when we look in the mirror and how we imagine ourselves to look.

Can you accurately define your body image?

Example: They can pick out their correct size in clothes

Question 4

Cognitive Dimension

Answer 4

How we think about and evaluate our body in terms of both its appearance and function.

How attractive we think we are
How strong we think we are
How fit we think we are

Example: “I think I am so big”

Question 5

Affective
or
Emotional Dimension

Answer 5

How you feel about our image

Reflects the feelings experienced in relation to the body’s appearance and function.

Feelings can be positive or negative

Question 6

Behavioral Dimension

Answer 6

How we act differently based on out body image

represents the things we do that reflect our positive or negative perceptions, thought, and feelings, about our bodies

Example: clothing we wear and the activities that we engage in

Question 7

What is the key concept of the dimensions?

Answer 7

Some people are able to be accurate in some areas.

Question 8

Healthy Body Image

Answer 8

Positive self evaluation along with the 4 dimensions

They have accurate perceptions about their body shape and size, have thoughts and feelings about their body that are predominately positive and behave in ways that reflect these positive evaluations.

Question 9

Body Image Disturbance

Answer 9

Negative self evaluation along with the 4 dimensions

Perception of one’s body shape and size differ from one’s actual shape and size.

Cognitive and affective dimensions, negative thoughts and feelings about one’s body are indicative of disturbance.

Behavioral dimension, actions performed to hide or change the body’s appearance without regards for health implications

Question 10

Body Reality

Answer 10

physical characteristics: height, weight, body fat, lean body mass, bone structure, fitness, strength, disease, etc.

Question 11

Body Ideal

Answer 11

How we think our body should look and function

Question 12

Positive Healthy Image

Answer 12

Body reality and body ideal are similar

Question 13

Gender Differences

Answer 13

Previously believed that women have greater body dissatisfaction than men

Why? Measured by the desire to lose weight

Assumptions:
women only want to lose weight
wanting to lose weight = body dissatisfaction

Question 14

Explain the Body Image Disturbance bar graph

Answer 14

both genders have increased over time.

Question 15

Explain Gender Differences Line Graph

Answer 15

Women: as BMI increases dissatisfaction increases
Men: BMI 25 they are happy, if they are under or over they are dissatisfied

Question 16

What 4 factors influence body image?

Answer 16

Media
Cultural Influences
Activity Participation
Changed to body reality

Question 17

Media Influence

Answer 17

unrealistic and unattainable for the vast majority of the population

Celebrity bodies are perceived as the norm

Question 18

Cultural Influence

Answer 18

Reject media ideals

We have a healthier body image

Question 19

Activity Participation

Answer 19

The activities that we choose to participate in can influence body image by altering perceptions of the body ideal.

Example: women body builders accept bulkier body types.

Question 20

Changes to Body Reality

Answer 20

Body image dissatisfaction has been shown to emerge in children as young as 6-7 years old and gets worse when they reach puberty and transition in to adolescence.

Example: growing facial hair for men is positive
Increase in weight for a girl during puberty is a negative
Getting wrinkles and gray hair is a negative

Question 21

Why is body image important?

Answer 21

It can lead to unhealthy behaviors and affect how we act.

Healthy body image can relate to better psychological well-being in at least two ways: better self-esteem and lowered risk for depression and anxiety.

Question 22

Body image affects what psychological outcomes?

Answer 22

Self-esteem
Body dysmorphic disorder - you are too concerned with your body image to function in your daily life.
Depression and anxiety
Muscle dysmorphia

Question 23

Self-Esteem

Answer 23

People who feel better about their body tend to feel better about themselves overall. But it depends on how people value their physical appearance.
People who place a good deal of value on their physical appearance, their feelings of self-worth appear to be more influenced by their body image than for people who put less value on their appearance.

Question 24

Depression and Anxiety

Answer 24

Poor body image is associated with greater anxiety and depressive symptomatology.

Having poor body image may cause other psychological disturbances.

Question 25

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Answer 25

Worried with a physical appearance that is defected. Even though it may be minor they have high anxiety and worry over their appearance. They engage in OCD behavior: look in the mirror or check their weight all of the time. They also avoid social situations. Can affect their social life and their relationships.

Question 26

Muscle Dysmorphia (MD)

Answer 26

Worried about muscularity.
They believe that they have less muscle then they really do. 
They always work out 
Take steroids 
Always worked about being muscular

Question 27

Poor Image Causes:

Answer 27

Low self-esteem
Depression
Eating disorder (physical outcome)

Question 28

Smoking

Answer 28

Smokers and non smokers gained the same amount of weight

Question 29

Body image affects what physical outcomes?

Answer 29

-Health damaging behaviors
Eating disorders and smoking
-Health Promoting Behavior
If you have a bad body image it will increase exercise