midterm vocab

Question 1

armada

Answer 1

fleet of ships

Question 2

autocrat

Answer 2

a leader with unlimited power

Question 3

balance of power

Answer 3

distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong

Question 4

baroque

Answer 4

the ornate style of art and architecture popular in 1600 and 1700s

Question 5

Boers

Answer 5

Dutch farmers who settled in cape town and eventually migrated inland

Question 6

boyar

Answer 6

landowning noble in Russia under the tsars

Question 7

cabinet

Answer 7

parliamentary advisors to the king who originally met in a small room

Question 8

calculus

Answer 8

a branch of mathematics in which calculations are made using special symbolic notations

Question 9

canonize

Answer 9

recognize a person as a saint

Question 10

Cape Town

Answer 10

the first permanent European settlement in Africa

Question 11

capitalism

Answer 11

an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit

Question 12

cartographer

Answer 12

a person who makes maps

Question 13

censorship

Answer 13

restriction on access to ideas and information

Question 14

compromise

Answer 14

an agreement in which each gives up part of what it wants

Question 15

constitutional government

Answer 15

a government whose power is defined and limited by law

Question 16

depopulation

Answer 16

reduction in the number of people in an area

Question 17

diet

Answer 17

assembly or legislature

Question 18

dissenter

Answer 18

protestant whose opinions differed from those of the church of England

Question 19

divine right

Answer 19

the idea that a rulers authority came directly from god

Question 20

engraving

Answer 20

an art form in which an artist etches a design on a metal plate

Question 21

enlightened despot

Answer 21

an absolute ruler who used his or her power to bring about political and social change

Question 22

entrepreneur

Answer 22

a person who assumes the financial risk in the hope of making a profit

Question 23

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 23

killed in 1521 in the present-day Philippines but his original crew continued and was first to circumnavigate the world

Question 24

free enterprise system

Answer 24

an economic system in which private business is able to compete with each other with little control by government

Question 25

free market

Answer 25

economic system regulated by the natural laws of supply and demand

Question 26

ghetto

Answer 26

a separate section of a city where people of a minority group are forced to live

Question 27

gravity

Answer 27

a force that pulls the object in earth sphere to the center of the earth

Question 28

heliocentric

Answer 28

based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe

Question 29

humanism

Answer 29

an intellectual movement at the heart of the renaissance that focused on the education and the classics

Question 30

humanities

Answer 30

study of subjects such as grammar rhetoric poetry and history that was taught in ancient Greece and Rome

Question 31

hypothesis

Answer 31

an unproven theory accepted for the purposes of explaining certain facts or to provide a basis for further investigation

Question 32

indulgence

Answer 32

pardon for sins committed during a person lifetime

Question 33

inflation

Answer 33

the economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available

Question 34

intendant

Answer 34

an official appointed by french king Louis xiv to govern the provinces to collect taxes and recruit soldiers

Question 35

laissez-faire

Answer 35

a policy allowing a business to operate with little or no government interference

Question 36

limited monarchy

Answer 36

the government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch’s power

Question 37

Malindi

Answer 37

east African coastal city