Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > AS Chemistry Unit 2 Definitions > Flashcards

AS Chemistry Unit 2 Definitions Flashcards

0
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Nucleophile

A

An electron pair donor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Molecular formula

A

Actual whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Homologous series

A

A series of compounds having the same functional group and general formula but with each successive member differing by CH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Structural formula

A

The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule (ie CH3CH2CH3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Electrophile

A

An electron pair acceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Empirical formula

A

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stereoisomers

A

Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of atoms in space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Displayed formula

A

A formula that shows the relative positioning of all atoms and bonds within a structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bond fission

A

The baking of a covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Structural isomer

A

Molecules with the Mae molecular formula but with different structural formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Heterolytic bond fission

A

The breaking of. Covalent bond with both of the shared pair of electrons going to one of the atoms forming ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

E/Z isomerism

A

An example of stereoisomerism, in terms of restricted rotation about a double c bond and the requirement for two different groups to be attached to each carbon atom of the double C bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cis/trans isomerism

A

A special case of E/Z isomerism in which two of the substituent groups are the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

General formula

A

Simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series (ie CnH2n+2. Fr alkanes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Homolytic fission

A

The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the shared pair of electrons going to each atom, forming two radicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Skeletal formula

A

A simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from carbon chains, leaving jus a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Functional group

A

Group of atoms in a molecule responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Biofuel

A

Fuel derived from recently living plant material ( bio ethanol/ biodiesel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

% yield

A

The mass/moles of product expressed as a percentage of what you should obtain assuming complete conversion. Actual mass/moles/ theoretical mass/moles *100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Carbon capture and storage

A

The removal of waste carbon dioxide as a liquid injected deep in the oceans, as storage in deep rock formations or by reaction with metal oxides to form stable carbonate minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Atom economy

A

A measure of how much of the products are useful

22
Q

(Free) radical

A

Species that has an unpaired electron

23
Q

Le chateliers principle

A

The position of equilibrium will shift as to minimise the effect of any change in condition

24
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

Wen in a closed system, the rate of both the forward reaction and the backwards reactions are equal

25
Q

Catalyst

A

Speeds up the rate of the reaction without being used up in the process

26
Q

Rate of reaction

A

The change in concentration of a reactant or product in a given time ( concentration / time = moldm-3s-1 )

27
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum amount of energy required for the reactants to react together

28
Q

Empirical formula

A

Slimmest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound

29
Q

Skeletal formula

A

A simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from carbon chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups

30
Q

Homologous series

A

A series of compounds having the same functional group and general formula but with each successive member differing by ch2

31
Q

Structural formula

A

The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

32
Q

Free radical substitution

A

A reaction involving alkanes that involves the substitution of at least one hydrogen atom with a halogen atom via initiation, propagation and termination of radicals, themselves formed from homolytic fission

33
Q

Saturated

A

A compound with no double bonds, only single carbon to carbon bonds

34
Q

Cracking

A

The breaking down of long chained saturated hydrocarbons to form a mixture shorter chained alkanes and alkenes

35
Q

Fractional distillation

A

Separation of components in a mixture into fractions, in which each one differs in their boiling points.

36
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms

37
Q

General formula

A

Simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series

38
Q

Molecular formula

A

Actual whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound

39
Q

Displayed formula

A

A formula that shows the relative positioning of all atoms and binds within a structure

40
Q

Unsaturated

A

A compound that contains at least one carbon to carbon double bond

41
Q

Functional group

A

Group of atoms in a molecule responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound

42
Q

Structural isomer

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but with different structural formula

43
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

Reaction that requires the input of heat energy from the surroundings

44
Q

Standard conditions

A

Pressure of 100KPa and temperature of 298K

45
Q

Exothermic reactions

A

Reaction that releases heat energy to the surroundings

46
Q

Standard enthalpy change of a reaction

A

Enthalpy change when the number of moles of reactants as specified in the balanced chemical equation react together in their standard states under standard conditions

47
Q

Enthalpy change of combustion

A

Enthalpy change for the complete combustion of 1 mole of a substance

48
Q

Average bond enthalpy

A

Average enthalpy change when one mole of bonds are broken in the gaseous state

49
Q

Standard enthalpy change of combustion

A

Enthalpy change for the combustion in oxygen of 1 mole of a substance under standard conditions. All reactants and products are in their standard states.

50
Q

Hess’s law

A

The enthalpy change of a reaction is independent of the pathway taken

51
Q

Enthalpy change and formation

A

Enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements

52
Q

Enthalpy change of a reaction

A

Enthalpy change when the number of moles of reactants as specified in a balanced chemical equation react together

53
Q

Standard enthalpy change of formation

A

Enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard conditions. All the reactants and products are in their standard states.

Chemistry (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions