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MSK > Vasculitis > Flashcards

Vasculitis Flashcards

1
Q

Define vasculitis

A

Inflammation of blood vessels

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2
Q

What does inflammation of blood vessels lead to?

A

Thickening, stenosis, occlusion with ischaemia and necrosis

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3
Q

What can cause secondary vasculitis?

A

Drugs, toxins, infection, disease

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4
Q

How is vasculitis classified?

A

Large vessel
Medium vessel
Immune complex small vessel
ANCA positive small vessel

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5
Q

What are the two types of large vessel vasculitis?

A

Takayasu and Giant Cell

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6
Q

What are the two types of medium vessel vasculitis?

A

Polyarteritis nodosa and kawasaki disease

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7
Q

What are the three types immune small vessel vasculitis?

A

Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
IgA vasculitis
Hypocomplemtemic urticarial vasculitis

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8
Q

Name the ANCA positive small vessel vasculitis’s

A

Granulomatous with polyangitis

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis

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9
Q

What is meant by the term large vessel vasculitis?

A

Granulomatous inflammation of aorta and major branches

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10
Q

Describe the epidemiology of Takayasu arterities

A

Common in eat asian countries usually patients <50 years old

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11
Q

Describe the epidemiology of Giant Cell arterities

A

Associated with polymyalgia rheumatica patients >50 years old

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12
Q

What vessels are commonly affected in giant cell arteritis?

A

Cranial/temporal/ophthalmic/facial arteries

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13
Q

What are the early features of large vessel vasculitis?

A 
Fever
Malaise 
Night Sweats 
Weight loss 
Arthralgia 
Fatigue 
Headache (temporal)
Blindness (ophthalmic)
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14
Q

What happens in the late stages of large vessel vasculitis?

A

Claudication - stenosis - aneurysms

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15
Q

What are the clinical signs of late stage large vessel vasculitis?

A

Reduced pulse and bruits

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16
Q

How is large vessel vasculitis diagnosed?

A

ESR, PV and CRP will be elevated
MR angiography shows thickened vessel wall and stenosis
PE CT scan
Ultrasound

17
Q

How is large vessel vasculitis treated?

A

40-60mg Prednisolone gradually reduced

18
Q

What are the clinical features of small vessel vasculitis?

A
  • fever and weight loss
  • raised non-blanching rash
  • arthralgia/arthritis
  • mononeuritis multiplex
  • glomerulonephritis
  • lung opacities
19
Q

What is another name for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis?

A

Chung-Strauss

20
Q

Describe eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

Characterised by late onset asthma, rhinitis and eosinophilia. Commonly presents with neurological symptoms e.g neuritis multiplex

21
Q

What is another name for granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

A

Wegener’s

22
Q

Describe granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

Inflammation involving the respiratory tract and necrotising vasculitis. Common causes ENT and respiratory symptoms e.g haemoptysis and saddle nose

23
Q

How does microscopic polyangiitis often occur?

A

Common complication of glomerlonerphitis

24
Q

What investigations are carried out for small vessel vasculitis?

A 
ESR, CRP and PV
Full blood count and U/Es
ANCA
Urinalysis (assesses renal involvement)
CXR 
Biopsy
25
Q

What is ANCA?

A

Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody - B cells produced antibodies to neutrophils

26
Q

How is small vessel vasculitis treated?

A

IV Steroids and Cyclophosphamide

27
Q

What is Henoch Schnlein Purpura?

A

Acute IgA mediated disorder characterised by vasculitis involving; skin, GI tract, kidneys, joints, lungs, CNS

28
Q

How does Henoch Schnlein Purpura present?

A

Purpuric rash over the bum and lower limbs
Abdominal pain
Vomitting
Joint pain

29
Q

Who is commonly affected by Henoch Schnlein Purpura and how is it treated?

A

Children with a history of upper respiratory tract infection - self limiting settles in a few weeks

MSK (22 decks)

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