Reproduction - Female Tract Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classes of uterus based on degree of fusion of the paramesonephric duct?

A

Simplex - no uterine horns, just oviducts - eg. humans & primates

Duplex - two cervical canals (& two vaginas) - marsupials & rabbits

Bipartite - poorly to moderately developed horns - eg. mare, cow, ewe (monotocous or low-polytocous species)

Bicornuate - highly developed horns - eg. sow, ewe, bitch, queen (highly polytocous)

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2
Q

The broad ligament is comprised of four bilateral sheets that anchor organs of the reproductive tract to the abdominal roof & the pelvic walls.

What are the four sheets and what are they attached to?

A
  1. Mesometrium - attaches to the uterus
  2. Mesovarium - attaches to the ovaries
  3. Mesosalphinx - attaches to the oviducts
  4. Round ligament (lateral fold)
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3
Q

What is the intercornual ligament?

A

Membrane attachment between the two uterine horns.

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4
Q

What is the proper ligament?

A

Membrane that attaches the caudal pole of ovary to the adjacent horn.

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5
Q

What is the suspensory ligament of the female reproductive tract?

A

It’s the peritoneal fold that attaches the cranial pole of the ovary to abdominal wall adjacent to last rib

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6
Q

What is the ovarian bursa?

A

Fold of peritoneum that covers the ovary and may hide it
- forms an enclosed pouch

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7
Q

What is the blood supply to the ovaries?

A

The ovarian artery, which comes off the aorta.

NB The ovarian artery also has a uterine branch. This branch of the ovarian artery winds around the uterine vein, allowing counter-current transfer of PFG2a (short half-life) back into the artery to the ovaries to induce luteolysis.

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8
Q

What is the blood supply to the uterus?

A

The uterine artery, which comes off the internal iliac artery, except in the mare.

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9
Q

What is unique about the mare’s ovary relative to other large animals?

A

Her ovary is “inside-out”. The cortex & medulla are reversed.

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10
Q

Since the mare’s ovary is “inside-out”, where does she ovulate her ovum?

A

Into the ovulation fossa.

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11
Q

How does the mucosal structure of the ampulla differ from that of the isthmus?

A

The ampulla is slightly wider in diameter with **ciliated epithelium. **

The ampulla-isthmic junction is the regulation point for the mare - if the oocyte doesn’t get fertilised, it stops here. A buildup of oocytes can occur here in the mare.

The isthmus is narrower in diameter & has non-ciliated epithelium.

The uterotubal junction is the regulation point for cows. This is the junction of the isthmus and the uterus.

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12
Q

What are the effects of progesterone and oestrogen on uterine tone?

A

Oestrogen will lead to greater tone and progesterone to less tone, except in the mare.

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