Imaging of Circulatory Disturbances

Question 1

What questions are you asking in vascular imaging?

Answer 1

Where is the anatomy?
Is there a leak?
Is there a blockage? (is the occlusion / stenosis important?)
Can it be fixed?

Question 2

Imaging that looks at anatomy

Answer 2

Plain films
Contrast angiography
USS
CT/MRI

Question 3

Imaging that looks at function

Answer 3

Radionucleotide imaging
MRI functional imaging
USS

Question 4

Problems with iodinated contrast

Answer 4

Major reactions
Renal dysfunction 
Disturbance of thyroid metabolism 
Disturbance of clotting
Seizures
Pulmonary oedema

Question 5

How does catheter angiography work?

Answer 5

Vessel punctured and catheterised
Sterile procedure
Contrast injected using pump injector
Images acquired

Question 6

When to use angioplasty?

Answer 6

Short stenosis or occlusions

Sessile / concentric plaques

Question 7

What negative contrast agent is useful in patients with poor renal function or sensitivity to iodinated contrast agents?

Answer 7

CO2

Question 8

Problems with angioplasty

Answer 8

Occlusion 
Dissection 
Embolisation 
Rupture
Infection

Question 9

Major reactions of contrast reactions

Answer 9

Allergy
Asthma
Death

Question 10

What does CTA stand for?

Answer 10

Computed tomography angiogram

Question 11

Normal vein on USS

Answer 11

Low pressure

Compressible

Question 12

DVT on USS

Answer 12

Full of thrombus and NOT compressible

Question 13

What is radionucleotide imaging used for?

Answer 13

Perfusion
Blood loss
Perfusion of transplant kidneys
Blood loss in GI tract

Question 14

What scan is done to look at PE?

Answer 14

V/Q scan

Question 15

What does MRA stand for?

Answer 15

Magnetic resonance Angiography

Question 16

Definition of consent

Answer 16

A process in which a patient learns key facts about an investigation/treatment, including potential risks and benefits, before deciding wether or not to proceed