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y3 psych of coaching and pe > Week 6 readiness for learning > Flashcards

Week 6 readiness for learning Flashcards

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1
Q

What is readiness in youth sport?

A

Developmental point at which a student can engage in a certain activity / has the capacity to successfully learn. Its more than signing a child up to play because the age meets the minimum requirement.

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2
Q

What three factors need to be considered to determine whether a child is ready?

A

Maturation

Motivation

Prerequisite skills

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3
Q

What are the three components of maturation?

A

Physical maturity
Cognitive maturity
Motor skill competency

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4
Q

What is physical maturity?

A

strength, power, coordination

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5
Q

What is cognitive maturity?

A

understanding strategies / tactics

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6
Q

What is motor skill competency?

A

Repeated practice of a skill initially not well learned

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7
Q

What are prerequisite skills?

A

All sports have some basic underlying skills which must be mastered to get good at the sport, e.g. golf hand eye coordination

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8
Q

How should coaches design programmes to help children develop prerequisite skills?

A

Spending time in developing skills and not rushing into competition

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9
Q

What is motivation?

A

Desire, intent or drive to do something

In childhood this is often about sampling different activities to see what fits best

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10
Q

When are children ready for activities?

A

Physically and cognitively mature enough to be successful

Have the prerequisites for the activity

Are motivated to try

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11
Q

What should be the focus in infancy?

A

Basic locomotor skills, grasping and manipulative skills, postural control skills and reflexes

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12
Q

What should be the focus at 2-8 years?

A

Fundamental motor skills

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13
Q

What should be the focus at childhood to adolescence?

A

Transitional sport and games

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14
Q

What should be the focus at adolescence to adulthood?

A

Physical literacy and performance in specific sports

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15
Q

What is meant by the athletic proficiency barrier?

A

Impedes movement from fundamental skills to achieve athletic success in more formal sports/games

Occurs around the childhood to adolescence phase

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16
Q

What can underdeveloped fundamental motor skills lead to?

A

Failure to achieve same athletic proficiency as peers with a more mature pattern

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17
Q

What happens between 2-8 years?

A

Learn basic movement skills which are the building blocks for learning more sport specific skills

Critical prerequisites for sport participation

Developed through maturation and opportunities for practice, play and instruction

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18
Q

What is cognitive readiness?

A

Children’s ability to understand technical and strategic requirements of sport, particularly abilities to process relevant information about their performance and the sport environment

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19
Q

What is cognitive readiness in sport performance?

A

Function of motor skill execution and cognitive decision making

20
Q

According to Haywood and Getchell (2009), how do non expert children differ from older athletes in their cognitive capacities?

A

Less strategic knowledge

Use considerable amount of mental activity to think about how to do a skill

Less able to predict / anticipate objects and events

Less able to recognise patterns

Slower and less accurate decisions

21
Q

Is earlier better?

A

Yes in relation to fundamental motor development

But what kids do at an early age is more important than when they start

Can be better for some but Vealey and Chase (2016) suggest “starting a child at a young age has been advised as an obstacle to skill development”

22
Q

What model is used to advise when children should start organised sport?

A

Long term athlete development model (LTAD)

Its an athlete centred model that categories suitable training objectives at every stage of athlete physical development based on biological age.

23
Q

What are the seven stages of the LTAD model?

A 
Active start
Fundamentals 
Learning to train 
Training to train 
Training to compete
Training to win
Active for life
24
Q

Summarise active start

A

0-6yrs

Home, preschool, day care, community recreation

Parents, preschool teachers

No training/competition focus on learning proper basic movement skills

25
Q

Summarise fundamentals

A

M 6-9, F 6-8

School, home, community recreation, sport clubs

Parents, teachers, recreation leaders, volunteer coaches

Play, multiple activities, development of athleticism, overall movement skills

Minimal comp, local area, modified

26
Q

Summarise learning to train

A

M 9-12, F 8-11

School, home, community recreation, sport clubs

Parents, teachers, recreation leaders, volunteer coaches

Regular practice, seasonal activities, multiple sports, overall sport skills development

Occasional comp, modified format, 70% train to 30% comp

27
Q

Summarise training to train

A

M 12-15, F 11-15

School, community recreation, sport clubs

Teachers, recreation leaders, volunteer and professional coaches

Regular structured practice, more than one sport, sport specific skill development

Regular comp, local to regional, 60% training to 40% comp

28
Q

Summarise training to compete

A

M 16-23, F 15-21

Schools, post secondary institutions, sport clubs

Teachers, volunteer and professional coaches, sport scientists, nutritionists

Regular structured practice, planned and periodised schedule, focus on one sport and position specific training

Regular comp, provincial to national / international, 40% train to 60% comp

29
Q

Summarise training to win

A

M 19+/-, F18+/-

Post secondary institutions, sport clubs, training centres, professional sport

Professional coaches, integrated support teams

Regular structured practice, panned and periodised schedule, focused on one sport

Selective, planned comp, national/international, 25% training to 75% comp

30
Q

Summarise active for life

A

Enter at any age

Community recreation, sport clubs/programs

31
Q

According to Stafford (2005) what are the benefits of the LTAD model?

A

Provides a means of developing an integrated, systematic approach to athlete development

Ensures that all athletes are able to reach their full potential, and support a raise in long term participation

32
Q

What are some limitations of the LTAD model?

A

Conceptually sound but has not undergone quality assurance

Lack of empirical evidence

Lack of understanding of the physiological impacts

33
Q

What produces a victorious circle?

A

Early success means athletes able to believe in themselves and motivated to become better

34
Q

What produces a viscous circle?

A

Younger athletes may start to think they are not naturally gifted which diminishes confidence and enjoyment of playing

35
Q

What were the trends in birth month in Euro U17 Champs, 2019

A

47% players born in first 3 months of year

57 players n Jan to 3 in Dec

36
Q

What is another factor that may have an effect on selection, regardless of DOB?

A

Skeletal muscle maturation varies, born in Jan not necessarily more mature than born in Dec

37
Q

What may early maturing players gain and what is a danger of this?

A

Initial selection and training advantages (Johnson et al, 2017)

However, may rely on physical dominance, not necessarily diversifying skills

38
Q

Characteristics of an early maturer

A

Stand out (dominate)

Gain more experience / develop

May rely on physicality

Can impede technical / tactical development

39
Q

Characteristics of a late maturer

A

Physically outmuscled

May drop out / not be selected

Maturation may bring more developed technical / tactical / psychological development (if they can stay in the system)

40
Q

There is no comprehensive answer but how may the effect of early / late maturation be reduced?

A

NGBS - consider the structures (playing up / down)

Implement strategies to try and reduce potential drop out

Enforce quotas

Coach education and awareness

41
Q

What is maturation?

A

Progress towards biologically mature state

The process one undergoes to reach full adult status in terms of physical, cognitive and emotional functioning

42
Q

What is biological / maturational age?

A

How close people are to their fully mature state

43
Q

Youth sports are based on chronological age, what is this?

A

How old people are based on DOB

44
Q

What is relative age?

A

Difference in age between people born in the same year of the calendar

45
Q

What is the intent of chronological age groups?

A

Provide developmentally appropriate instruction, fair competition and equal opportunities

46
Q

When is the cut off for youth sports teams/leagues?

A

31st Dec

However, this means athlete born in Jan 11 months older than someone in same group born in Dec

47
Q

What is the relative age effect?

A

Preference for selecting athletes born early in the age band due to enhanced maturational factors

Bias: children born at start of selection period represent a higher percentage of those playing elite youth sport

y3 psych of coaching and pe (12 decks)

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