Establishing the Tudor dynasty Flashcards

1
Q

Why was John de la Pole a threat?

A
  • He was a Yorkist claimant.
  • He was nephew of Edward IV and Richard III
  • Designated successor of Richard III
  • Regarded as the Yorkist leader after Bosworth
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2
Q

Why was Edward (earl of Warwick) a threat?

A
  • He was a Yorkist claimant
  • He was nephew of Edward IV and Richard III
  • Imprisoned in tower of London 1485 (aged 10)
  • Beheaded for alleged conspiracy with Perkin Warbeck , 1499
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3
Q

Who were two main threats?

A
  • Yorkist supporters (e.g. Lovell and Stafford)

- Margaret of Burgundy (sister of Edward IV and Richard III) as she was able and willing to fund Yorkist ambitions

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4
Q

Who were the pretenders?

A
  • Lambert Simnel

- Perkin Warbeck

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5
Q

What did Viscount Lovell and the Staffords do and when?

A
  • 1486- Minor rising focused on traditional Yorkist Heartlands of Yorkshire and midlands
  • Led by Viscount Lovell and Humphrey Stafford with his brother Thomas
  • Attracted little support and was easily suppressed
    Lovell escaped to Burgundy, Humphrey Stafford was captured and executed (Thomas was pardoned)
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6
Q

Why was the Lovell rebellion significant?

A
  • It showed there was little support for a Yorkist rising at this point
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7
Q

Who arranged a Yorkist conspiracy in 1487 and who was the figurehead?

A
  • Arranged by Earl of Lincoln (John de la Pole) - used Lambert Simnel as a figurehead
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8
Q

What did Simnel do?

A
  • He impersonated the Earl of Warwick and was crowned as King Edward in Ireland (may 1487)
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9
Q

What were the results of the Simnel plan?

A
  • Henry exhibited the real Earl of Warwick in London
  • Lincoln fled to the court of Margaret of Burgundy and joined Lovell - persuading Margaret to support Simnel and pay for a force of mercenaries to invade England
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10
Q

How did Henry neutralise Yorkist support in the North?

A
  • Took risk by reinstating the Earl of Northumberland (a traditional Yorkist supporter) to power in the north as his supporter (who was untrustworthy BoB)
  • Also ensured the traditionally Yorkist Howard family had no intention of joining the conspiracy, as Northumberland was one of their descendants
    Also reinforced coastal defences in East Anglia
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11
Q

Where did the Simnel rebels land and what was the outcome?

A
  • Landed in Cumberland supported by 2,000 German mercenaries provided by Margaret of Burgundy
  • Crossed the Pennines and tried to muster support in the Yorkist heartland but they failed to attract followers
  • Henry’s army defeated the mercenary army at the battle of stoke field (June 1487)
  • Simnel captured but Henry recognised him as harmless and employed him in the royal kitchens
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12
Q

Who was killed at the Battle of Stoke?

A

The earl of Lincoln

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13
Q

What were the reasons for Henry’s victory at the Battle of Stoke?

A
  • His own shrewdness and hard-work
  • Organisational skills and military leadership of his key supporters
  • Willingness of landowners in many parts of the country to support his cause
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14
Q

What did the Battle of stoke effectively end?

A

The war of the roses

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15
Q

For what two reasons did Henry’s support grow?

A
  • His lenient treatment of the rebels won over some Yorkists who had previously opposed him
  • He began to use the policy of bonds of good behaviour
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16
Q

What were bonds of good behaviour?

A
  • Providing lump sums of money to landowners that they did not have to repay if they behaved well but if the condition was broken they had to pay it as a penalty
17
Q

What was the Perkin Warbeck imposter?

A
  • Imposter of a cloth trader from Flanders who claimed to be Richard - duke of York (one of Edward IV’s sons and one of the two murdered princes in them tower)
18
Q

What happened with Warbeck in 1491 and 1492?

A
  • 1491- Warbeck began to impersonate Richard in Ireland
  • Brief period in France but forced to flee
  • 1492- He fled to the court of Margaret of Burgundy and was trained as potential Yorkist prince and began to draw English courtiers into his conspiracies
19
Q

What happened with Warbeck in 1495 and 1496?

A
  • 1495- He attempted to land in England but was quickly defeated as Henry had been informed of his intentions by royal agent Robert Clifford and fled to the court of James IV of Scotland
  • 1496- He tried to invade England with a small Scottish force - this soon retreated and James IV agreed to Marry Henry’s daughter, Margaret
20
Q

What happened with Warbeck in 1497and 1499?

A
  • 1497- He tried to claim the throne by exploiting the Cornish rebellion- his forces were crushed
  • Warbeck surrendered he was treated leniently at first but tired to escape so confined to tower
  • 1499- He was tired and executed a long with the Earl of Warwick
21
Q

Who were Edmund de la Pole and Richard de la Pole and what happened to them?

A
  • Younger brothers of the earl of Lincoln (Edmund = earl of Suffolk)
  • Edmund largely lived in exile 1498-1506 under the protection of Margaret of Burgundy,
    Treaty of Windsor 1506 - meant more friendly relations restored with Burgundy, including Maximillian agreeing to give up Suffolk so
    He returned in 1506 and was imprisoned in the tower of London and executed in 1513 by Henry VIII
    Richard was exiled until his death fighting for France at the Battle of Pavia 1525
22
Q

What was the significance of the Perkin Warbeck imposter?

A
  • Patronage from foreign rulers made Warbeck a potentially serious threat and demonstrated how fragile Henry’s position was considered to be by foreign rulers
  • The involvement of William Stanley (Head of the royal household and was Lord Chamberlain) showed Henry’s vulnerability even within his own household
23
Q

What is the significance of the Earl of Lincolns (John de la pole) brothers’?

A
  • The imprisonment of Edward (Suffolk) effectively eliminated the remaining threats, leaving only Richard de la Pole who was at large in exile
24
Q

Why was Henry’s victory at the Battle of Stoke Significant?

A
  • It was this battle, rather than Bosworth which really brought an end to the Wars of the Roses
  • Henry had overcome a crisis and therefore his position became safer (not secure though)
25
Q

What happened to the Earl of Warwick and why was this significant?

A
  • Convenient for Henry that Warbeck’s final conspiracies allowed him to get rid of the Earl of Warwick
  • Warwick was in many respects an innocent victim of political problems but In 1499 having been accused of plotting with Warbeck against Henry, he was beheaded
26
Q

What was household government?

A
  • Medieval system of governance where the head of the household, invariably an adult male, had authority over the property, labour and mobility of everyone living on his land