The Role of Chromosomes and Hormones

Question 1

Define Chromosomes:

Answer 1

Found in the nucleus of living cells carrying information in the form of genes

Question 2

Which chromosome determines biological sex?

Answer 2

23rd pair

Question 3

What is a gene?

Answer 3

Short sections of DNA that determine the characteristics of a living thing

Question 4

What are male chromosomes?

Answer 4

XY

Question 5

What are females chromosomes?

Answer 5

XX

Question 6

What gene causes testes to develop?

Answer 6

RY gene

Question 7

SRY gene produces…

Answer 7

Androgen

Question 8

What androgen?

Answer 8

Male sex hormones to produce testes,

Question 9

Define genitals:

Answer 9

External sex organs

Question 10

Difference between female/male genitals?

Answer 10

• male = penis

- female = vagina

Question 11

Main hormone for females?

Answer 11

Oestrogen and progesterone (produced in ovaries)

Question 12

Main hormone for males?

Answer 12

Testosterone (produced in testes)

Question 13

Describe :Case of David Reimer

Answer 13

• Twin boys Brian and Bruce born in 1965
• Psychologist John Money believed gender identity was based on NURTURE rather than nature.
• Bruce was brought up as a girl called Brenda
• But suffered psychologically and emotionally
• When told of being male she went back to living as a man
• Committed suicide in 2004

Question 14

What do women produce much larger amounts of?

Answer 14

Oxytocin

Question 15

What occurs at puberty?

Answer 15

Burst of hormonal activity triggering development of secondary sexual characteristics

Question 16

Define the role of testosterone:

Answer 16

From the androgen group which is produced in the testes and is associated with aggression

Question 17

Define the role of oestrogen:

Answer 17

Primary female hormone important in the menstrual cycle and reproductive system

Question 18

Define the role of oxytocin:

Answer 18

Causes contraction of the uterus during labour and stimulates lactation

Question 19

What is oxytocin known as?

Answer 19

The love hormone

Question 20

What did Dabbs et al. (1995) find?

Answer 20

Found that offenders with the highest testosterone levels were most likely to have committed violent or sexually motivated crimes.

Question 21

What did Van Goozen (1995) find?

Answer 21

Studied transgender individuals who were undergoing hormone treatment and being injected with hormones of the opposite sex. Transgender women (male-to-female) showed decreases in aggression and visuo-spatial skills whilst transgender men (female-to male) showed the opposite.

Question 22

What did Tricker (1996) find?

Answer 22

• Double blind study where 43 males where injected with testosterone or a placebo.
• No significant difference in aggression between teh two groups

Question 23

Why is the Biological approach reductionist?

Answer 23

Doesn’t consider cognitive approach/psychodynamic approach

Question 24

Does this support nature or nurture?

Answer 24

Nature

Question 25

Nature explanation:

Answer 25

• Innate differences between female and males
• Biologically programmed as females to nurtures and males to be providers
• Gender-related behaviour is entirely controlled by hormonal ad genetic factors.

Question 26

Nurture view on gender behaviours?

Answer 26

-Gender related behaviour is entirely determined by social and cultural factors – our experiences and the environment in which we live.