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BDS2 > Prosthodontics > Flashcards

Prosthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

Define an articulator

A

Reproduces occlusal relationship between the maxilla + mandible

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2
Q

2 extra oral consequences of missing teeth

A

TMJ problems

Changes in facial appearance

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3
Q

Why does facial appearance change due to missing teeth

A

Lack of downward pressure on alveolar bone causes bone loss

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4
Q

2 changes in facial appearance due to missing teeth

A

Maxilla regresses

Mandible protrudes

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5
Q

3 intra oral consequences of missing teeth

A

Alveolar resorption
Tooth movement
Tooth wear

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6
Q

2 functional consequences of missing teeth

A

Mastication

Speech

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7
Q

3 types of complete dentures

A

Removable
Implant retained
Implant supported

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8
Q

Describe implant retained complete dentures

A

Implants allow denture to ‘snap in place’

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9
Q

Describe implant supported complete dentures

A

Non removable and screw retained

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10
Q

2 types of saddle

A

Free end saddle

Bounded saddle

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11
Q

How many teeth are needed for function

A

20

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12
Q

Kennedy class 1

A

Bilateral free end saddles

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13
Q

Kennedy class 2

A

Unilateral free end saddle

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14
Q

Kennedy class 3

A

Posterior bounded saddle

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15
Q

Kennedy class 4

A

Anterior bounded saddle crossing midline

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16
Q

What does the Kennedy class describe

A

Distribution of missing teeth

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17
Q

What does the Craddock class describe

A

Denture’s resistance to occlusal directed load

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18
Q

Craddock class 1

A

Tooth support

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19
Q

Craddock class 2

A

Mucosa support

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20
Q

Craddock class 3

A

Mixed support

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21
Q

Describe what tooth support requires

A

Support on both adjacent abutment teeth

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22
Q

What is a shorted dental arch

A

No treatment option for those with missing posterior teeth

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23
Q

How many occlusal units does a shortened dental arch need for sufficient adaptive capacity

A

3-5 units

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24
Q

How many occlusal units is an occluding premolar worth in relation to a shortened dental arch

A

1 unit

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25
Q

How many occlusal units is an occluding molar worth in relation to a shortened dental arch

A

2 units

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26
Q

What teeth should you prioritise maintaining in a shortened dental arch

A

Anterior teeth + premolars

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27
Q

Advantage of tooth supported dentures

A

Don’t sink into tissues

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28
Q

Define support in relation to RPD’s

A

Resistance to vertical movement towards tissue

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29
Q

Define retention in relation to RPD’s

A

Resistance to vertical movement away from tissue

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30
Q

Define stability in relation to RPD’s

A

Resistance to horizontal movements

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31
Q

Define freeway space

A

Space between teeth at rest

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32
Q

4 checks for abutment teeth in RPD’s

A

Sound structure
Good edentulous ridge
Good roots
Good alveolar bone

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33
Q

3 special tests for abutment teeth in RPD’s

A

Periapical radiographs
Sensibility testing
Surveyed study models

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34
Q

2 base materials for RPD’s

A

Cobalt chrome

Acrylic

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35
Q

Define a flange in relation to RPD’s

A

Replacement tissue

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36
Q

Where does the flange in RPD’s extend to

A

Vestibular sulcus

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37
Q

What is a modification in relation to the Kennedy class

A

An extra saddle

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38
Q

Which Kennedy class cannot have a modification

A

Class 4

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39
Q

What occlusal load can a healthy tooth carry

A

It’s own load + 1.5 similar teeth

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40
Q

List the teeth in order of load bearing from highest to lowest

A

Molars
Canines
Premolars
Anteriors

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41
Q

Compare PDL support of an RPD compared to mucosa support

A

PDLs support is > 4 times the mucosal coverage of lost tooth

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42
Q

How far should RPD components be from the gingival margin

A

3mm

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43
Q

What is a characteristic of the Every RPD design

A

Wire stop on most posterior teeth

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44
Q

What is the function of a wire stop in RPD’s

A

Ensure distal tooth won’t drift posteriorly

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45
Q

What is the compressibility of the periodontium

A

0.1mm

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46
Q

What is the compressibility of the mucoperiosteum

A

2mm

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47
Q

What is the periodontium

A

Tooth attachment in the socket

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48
Q

What is the mucoperiosteum

A

Mucosal coverage of alveolar bone

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49
Q

Where is primary support in Craddock class 2/3 RPD’s

A 
Upper = central palate 
Lower = buccal side of saddle areas
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50
Q

Where is secondary support in Craddock class 2/3 RPD’s

A 
Upper = anterior palate + saddle areas 
Lower = central + lingual side of saddle areas
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51
Q

How do you know if tooth support is sufficient for RPD’s

A

Missing teeth total root area < max load

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52
Q

How do you find the max load of abutment teeth in RPD’s

A

Cumulative root area of abutment teeth X 1.5

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53
Q

What do rests do in RPD’s

A

Oppose denture base compressing tissues

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54
Q

How are different rest described in RPD’s

A

By the part of the tooth they contact

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55
Q

Where would cingulum rests be found

A

Anterior teeth

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56
Q

3 advantages of cingulum rests over incised rests in RPD’s

A

Better aesthetics
Stress applied lower causing less rotation
No occlusion interference

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57
Q

3 types of rests in RPD’s

A

Cingulum
Incisal
Occlusal

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58
Q

What is the most favourable type of rest

A

Occlusal

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59
Q

Where are rests placed for a bounded saddle in an RPD

A

Directly adjacent to saddle

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60
Q

Where are rests placed for a free end saddle in an RPD

A

Mesially

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61
Q

What material are rests made of

A

Cast metal

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62
Q

2 properties of cobalt chrome denture base

A

Rigid

Strong

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63
Q

2 properties of acrylic denture base

A

Flexible

Weak

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64
Q

How are rests connected to cobalt chrome base dentures

A

Directly connected to major connector or by minor connectors

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65
Q

How are rest connected to acrylic base dentures

A

Incorporated mechanically

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66
Q

3 ways of achieving retention in RPD’s

A

Mechanical
Muscular
Physical

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67
Q

What is the mechanical method of retention in RPD’s

A

Clasps

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68
Q

What is a clasp made of for = RPD’s

A

Wrought metal

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69
Q

2 types of clasps in RPD’s

A

Gingivally approaching

Occlusally approaching

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70
Q

What teeth would you use gingival approaching clasps on in RPD’s

A

Anteriors + premolars

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71
Q

What is a clasp in RPD’s

A

Metal arm that retains denture in mouth

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72
Q

Why is a clasp linked to a rest more effective in RPD’s

A

Rest prevents clasp slipping down tooth

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73
Q

What is the muscular method of retention in RPD’s

A

Muscles act on the shape of the denture base

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74
Q

What is the physical method of retention in RPD’s

A

The coverage of the mucosa

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75
Q

3 forces involved in the physical method of retention in RPD’s

A

Adhesion
Cohesion
Atmospheric pressure

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76
Q

Define adhesion in relation to RPD’s

A

Surface force of saliva on denture + mucosa

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77
Q

Define cohesion in relation to RPD’s

A

Forces within saliva + viscosity

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78
Q

Define atmospheric pressure in relation to RPD’s

A

Resistance to displacing factors

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79
Q

2 classification of of retention in RPD’s

A

Direct

Indirect

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80
Q

Define direct retention in RPD’s

A

Denture’s resistance to vertical displacement

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81
Q

Define indirect retention in RPD’s

A

Denture’s resistance to rotational displacement

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82
Q

Where should direct retention be in RPD’s

A

Close to base of adjacent abutment teeth

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83
Q

What is a supplementary method of direct retention in RPD’s

A

Guide planes

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84
Q

Where should guide planes be in RPD’s

A

Close to base of abutment teeth + parallel to path of insertion

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85
Q

5 types of indirect retainers in RPD’s

A 
Major connectors 
Minor connectors 
Rests 
Saddles 
Denture base
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86
Q

What is the clasp axis in RPD”s

A

Axis of rotation

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87
Q

Where should indirect retention be placed in RPD’s

A

Perpendicular to axis of rotation

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88
Q

What is a reciprocating arm in RPD’s

A

Opposing element to each clasp unit

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89
Q

What does a reciprocating arm do in RPD’s

A

Prevents clasp pressure acting on tooth + moving it

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90
Q

What does the path of insertion allow in RPD’s

A

Anterior retention without clasps

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91
Q

What is the ideal pattern of retention in RPD’s

A

Triangular

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92
Q

What is the pattern of retention in RPD’s

A

Number of retainers in an arch

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93
Q

What colour are saddles in the system of deign of RPD’s

A

Yellow

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94
Q

What colour is support in the system of deign of RPD’s

A

Red

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95
Q

What colour is retention in the system of deign of RPD’s

A

Green

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96
Q

What colour is bracing + reciprocation in the system of deign of RPD’s

A

Blue

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97
Q

What colour are connectors in the system of deign of RPD’s

A

Black

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98
Q

What is an RPI RPD

A

Stress relieving clasp system

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99
Q

Where are RPIs used in RPD’s

A

Free end saddles

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100
Q

Why are RPI’s ideal for free end saddles in RPD’s

A

Prevent stress on last abutment tooth

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101
Q

3 parts of an RPI in RPD’s

A

Mesial occlusal rest
Proximal guide plate adjacent to saddle
Gingivally approaching I-bar clasp

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102
Q

What is a proximal guide plate in an RPI RPD

A

Guide surface of 2-3mm undercut

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103
Q

Where does the gingival approaching I-bar clasp contact the abutment tooth of an RPI RPD

A

Greatest prominence of tooth contour

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104
Q

What Kennedy class is an RPI ideal for in RPD’s

A

Class 1 lower denture

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105
Q

Define the major connector of RPD’s

A

Rigid part connecting components on both sides of an arch

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106
Q

2 types of major connector design of an RPD

A

Closed

Open

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107
Q

2 advantages of a major connector closed designing RPD’s

A

More contact withe adjacent teeth

Greater retention

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108
Q

What is necessary for a closed design major connector in RPD’s

A

Guide planes

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109
Q

2 advantages of an open design major connector in RPD’s

A

No gingival coverage

Saliva clearance

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110
Q

How can a major connector add indirect retention to an RPD

A

Extend major connector to resist functional forces

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111
Q

2 things beading of a major connector do in RPD’s

A

Intimate contact between denture + tissue

Prevents food ingression

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112
Q

Where is beading of a major connector in RPD’s

A

Along border but stops 3mm from gingival margin

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113
Q

How thick should the cross section of a plate major connector be in RPD’s

A

0.5mm

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114
Q

What Craddock class is a plate major connector often used for in RPD’s

A

Class 2 designs

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115
Q

What is an advantage of a bar major connector in RPD’s

A

Less mucosal coverage

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116
Q

What Craddock class is a bar major connector often used for in RPD’s

A

Class 1 designs

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117
Q

5 cobalt chrome maxillary major connector designs for RPD’s

A 
Anterior 
Mid palatal 
Anterior/posterior bar (ring)
Horseshoe
Posterior palatal
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118
Q

2 benefits of ring major connector in RPD’s

A

Rigid

Wide relief of gingival margins

119
Q

2 disadvantages of ring major connector in RPD’s

A

Uncomfortable due to many edges

Thicker cross section

120
Q

What is another name for the ring major connector in RPD’s

A

Anterior/posterior bar

121
Q

8 acrylic maxillary major connector designs for RPD’s

A 
Anterior 
Mid palatal 
Full coverage 
Horseshoe
Posterior palatal 
Spoon 
Modified spoon 
Every
122
Q

What is the state of oral cavity would those getting acrylic upper major connector RPD’s

A

Few or weak teeth

123
Q

What is the default choice of mandibular major connector in RPD’s

A

Lingual bar

124
Q

Why would a lingual bar mandibular major connector be used in RPD’s

A

Lingually inclined anterior teeth

125
Q

5 mandibular major connectors in RPD’s

A 
Lingual bar 
Lingual plate
Dental bar 
Sublingual bar 
Labial bar
126
Q

How much space should be left between major connector + gingival margin in mandibular RPD’s

A

3mm

127
Q

How much space should be left between mandibular major connector + functional floor of mouth RPD’s

A

1mm

128
Q

Define the minor connector of RPD’s

A

Rigid connector joining components to the major connector

129
Q

What does the minor connector do in RPD’s

A

Transfer functional stress to + from abutment teeth

130
Q

3 guidelines of minor connectors in RPD’s

A

Finish above survey line
Cross gingival margin perpendicularly
Cover little gingival tissue

131
Q

What kind of retention joins the gland to base of RPD’s

A

Mechanical retention

132
Q

2 reasons a stop is needed to attach teeth to edentulous areas of RPD’s

A

Checks fit

Ensure no rotation

133
Q

If there is restricted vertical space in an edentulous area what alteration is used when attaching the flange to the base in RPD’s

A

Metal plate contacts mucosa

134
Q

When is a post used in RPD’s

A

If insufficient space for retention mesh in base

135
Q

Why are lower incisors set with space in relation to upper incisors in RPD’s

A

Avoid pressure on fake tooth

136
Q

What is incorporated if limited space between incisors in RPD’s

A

Metal backing

137
Q

Why is metal backing incorporated to incisal teeth in RPD’s

A

Provide occlusal contact while preventing pressure causing upper tooth debonding

138
Q

What is the thickness of rests in RPD’s

A

0.5-1mm

139
Q

Where is a rest thickest in RPD’s

A

Junction with minor connector

140
Q

What is the height + thickness of a lingual bar in RPD’s

A

4mm height

2mm thickness

141
Q

What is the thickness of a sub lingual bar in RPD’s

A

4mm

142
Q

What is the depth + with of a bead on a maxillary major connector in RPD’s

A

0.5mm depth

1mm width

143
Q

What is the withe + thickness of a bar maxillary major connector in RPD’s

A

6mm width

1.5mm thickness

144
Q

What is the thickness of a plate maxillary major connector in RPD’s

A

0.4mm minimum

145
Q

What is the width + thickness of minor connectors in RPD’s

A

2mm width

1.5mm thickness

146
Q

What is the length of a cast clasp in RPD’s

A

15mm to engage 0.25mm

147
Q

What is another name for beading of a RPD major connector

A

Pin/post dam

148
Q

What should the clearance from the gingival margin in maxillary major connectors be in RPD’s

A

5mm

149
Q

2 aims of 1st visit for RPD’s

A

Assessment

Primary impressions

150
Q

3 things to assess in 1st visit for RPD’s

A

Ridge form
Saddle
Undercuts

151
Q

3 decisions to make when doing primary impressions for RPD’s

A

Tray selection
Type of impression material
Whether to record occlusion

152
Q

What material do you use for primary impressions of bounded saddles in RPD’s

A

Alginate

153
Q

What material do you use for primary impressions of free ended saddles in RPD’s

A

Alginate

Compound

154
Q

Where is compound used in primary impressions in RPD’s

A

Free end saddles

155
Q

Why is compound added to free ended saddles in primary impressions for RPD’s

A

Stabilise tray

156
Q

What do you disinfect impressions in for RPD’s

A

Perform

157
Q

How long do you disinfect impressions for in RPD’s

A

10 minutes

158
Q

What do you do after disinfecting impressions for RPD’s

A

Rinse impressions + add to sealed bag

159
Q

What do you add to the bag with impressions for RPD’s

A

Wet cotton wool

160
Q

When should you record the occlusion for RPD’s

A

When unable to hand articulate

161
Q

3 instructions you give the technician after the primary impressions visit for RPD’s

A

Pour primary cast
Produce special tray + spacer
Produce primary record block for preliminary registration

162
Q

What should be done before the master impressions visit for RPD’s

A

Survey casts

Draw design on lab card

163
Q

What do you do if there is no interocclusal space for a rest seat in RPD’s

A

Make space by cutting a rest seat

164
Q

What do you do after the primary impressions visit for RPD’s

A

Master impressions

165
Q

What 2 things do you do in the master impressions visit for RPD’s

A

Try in special tray

Take master impressions

166
Q

4 types of impression material for RPD’s

A

Poly vinyl siloxane (PVS)
Polyether
Alginate
Compound

167
Q

2 instructions for technician after the master impressions visit for cobalt chrome RPD’s

A

Pour mode in improved stone

Construct chrome frame work

168
Q

2 instructions for technician after master impressions visit for acrylic RPD’s

A

Pour model in stone

Construct record block with shellac base (if doing occlusion)

169
Q

2 things to do after the master impressions visit for RPD’s

A

Record occlusion

Framework trial

170
Q

4 things to check framework of RPD’s

A

Fits cast well
Seats well in mouth
Any interference with occlusion
Is cast damaged

171
Q

What do you use to adjust clasps for RPD’s

A

Adam’s pliers

172
Q

Define a conformist approach to RPD’s

A

Keeping the same occlusion

173
Q

Define a re organised approach to RPD’s

A

Change the occlusion

174
Q

3 aims of establishing occlusion in RPD’s

A

Establish inter occlusal relationship
Establish occlusal vertical dimensions
Tooth mould

175
Q

2 measurements if no index teeth are present for RPD’s

A

Occlusal vertical dimensions

Free way space

176
Q

Instruction for technicians after recording occlusion visit fro RPD’s

A

Produce record block on framework

177
Q

3 decisions for tooth selection of RPD’s

A

Shade
Mould
Tooth arrangement

178
Q

instructions for technicians after framework trial visit for RPD’s

A

Set teeth for wax trial providing shade + mould

179
Q

What type of articulator should you use in RPD’s

A

Average value articulator

180
Q

What do you choose during the framework trail visit for RPD’s

A

Shade

Mould

181
Q

Instructions for technician after recording occlusion visit for RPD’s

A

Produce wax record blocks on framework

Articulate casts

182
Q

6 reference points for placement if anterior teeth for RPD’s

A 
Teeth present 
Dento-facial midline 
Inter pupillary line 
Ala-tragus line 
Smile line 
Lower lip curvature
183
Q

What do you do after the framework trial visit for RPD’s

A

Tooth trial

184
Q

4 checks during tooth trial visit for RPD’s

A

Framework fit
Occlusion
Aesthetics
Extension

185
Q

Instruction for technicians after tooth trail visit for RPD’s

A

Finish in acrylic

186
Q

What do you do after the tooth trial visit for RPD’s

A

Deliver final RPD

187
Q

4 checks for the final denture on the articulator for RPD’s

A

Proper seating
Articulator pin on table
Correct occlusion
Correct design

188
Q

6 checks for final denture in mouth in RPD’s

A 
Correct seating 
Stable 
Rest seats correct
Clasps correct 
Occlusion correct 
Aesthetics
189
Q

4 instructions for patient in final delivery of RPD visit

A

Check ability to insert + remove
May have altered speech + pain
Denture cleaning
Give patient information leaflet

190
Q

What do you do after the delivery of final RPD visit in RPD’s

A

Review + adjust

191
Q

What do you use to record occlusion on record blocks in RPD’s

A

Silicon registering paste

192
Q

4 stages of a restorative treatment plan

A

Immediate treatment
Hygienic phase
Corrective phase
Maintenance

193
Q

Main goal of immediate treatment

A

Reduce pain

194
Q

Main goal of hygienic phase

A

Take up good habit or lifestyle changes

195
Q

3 aims when setting teeth for RPD’s

A

Restore arch
Restore aesthetics
Restore function

196
Q

What effect does base material have on setting teeth in RPD’s

A

No effect

197
Q

2 materials for teeth in RPD’s

A

Plastic

Porcelain

198
Q

Which tooth material has a chemical bond with denture base

A

Plastic

199
Q

How is a porcelain tooth retained in a denture

A

Mechanical retention

200
Q

What is the mechanical retention for an anterior porcelain tooth in a denture

A

Metal pin on the back

201
Q

What is the mechanical retention for a posterior porcelain tooth in a denture

A

Hollowed areas filled with denture base material

202
Q

Which tooth material has silent function in dentures

A

Plastic

203
Q

Which tooth material has a high abrasion resistance for dentures

A

Porcelain

204
Q

What does a low abrasive resistance allow for teeth in dentures

A

Easy to trim

205
Q

4 variants between different tooth moulds for dentures

A

Shape
Cuspal angle
Space between canines
Length + width of central incisor

206
Q

Where do you trim teeth for dentures from

A

Ridge lap

207
Q

Where is the ridge lap on a fake tooth for dentures

A

Part near gingival margin

208
Q

What do you use to trim the ridge lap of fake teeth for dentures

A

Diamond cutters

209
Q

Disadvantage of trimming ridge lap of fake teeth for denture

A

Reduced bonding area sleazier to break off

210
Q

2 methods of bonding fake teeth to dentures

A

Heat cure

Self cure

211
Q

4 guidelines when bonding teeth to denture

A

Start at midline
Accommodate space + symmetry
Don’t overlap teeth
Set teeth at long acid of corresponding tooth

212
Q

If there is no space for a premolar what can be substituted in it’s place on a denture

A

3rd premolar

213
Q

4 things to prevent debunking of teeth on a denture

A

Use post for retention
No grease on teeth
No mould seal when processing
Avoid heavy contact on denture teeth

214
Q

6 reasons to do mouth preparation

A 
Initial prosthetic treatment 
Surgery 
Periodontal treatment 
Orthodontic treatment 
Fixed prosthodontics tretemnemt + endodontics 
Tooth preparation
215
Q

4 types of mouth preparation for initial prosthetic treatment

A

Repairs/additions
Temporary reline denture
Occlusal adjustment
Treat denture stomatitis

216
Q

2 advice for treating denture stomatitis

A

Cleanse

Remove at night

217
Q

5 mouth preparations for surgery

A 
Remove retained roots 
Remove unerupted teeth 
remove pathologies 
Improve edentulous area contours 
Eliminate fraenal attachments
218
Q

When would you do periodontal surgery

A

With pockets > 6mm

219
Q

4 mouth preparations for periodontal treatment

A

Establish periodontal tissue health
Assess motivation
Instruct oral hygiene procedures
Scale + root planing

220
Q

2 mouth preparations for orthodontic treatment

A

Optimise space

Optimise abutment alignment

221
Q

2 mouth preparations for tooth preparation

A

Establish integrity of teeth before master impression

Provide guide planes + rest seats

222
Q

What hand piece do you use during tooth preparation

A

Slow speed hand piece

223
Q

What bur do you use to shape enamel surfaces in tooth preparations in RPD’s

A

Rotary diamond bur

224
Q

3 burs to use to smooth + polish roughened surface for tooth preparation in RPD’s

A

Special burs
Stones
Abrasive impregnated rubber wheels points

225
Q

Main point of tooth preparation for RPD’s

A

Avoid denture components interfering with occlusion

226
Q

How would you provide rest seats for maxillary anterior teeth

A

Cut into cingulum

227
Q

How would you provide rest seats for mandibular anterior teeth

A

Build rest seat on cingulum

228
Q

Why do you build the rest on the cingulum of anterior mandibular teeth instead of cutting one

A

Small cingulum makes it easy to penetrate enamel

229
Q

2 materials to build rests on cingulum of anterior mandibular teeth

A

Composite

Cast metal

230
Q

What shape should rest seats be on posterior teeth

A

Saucer shaped

231
Q

Why are posterior rest seats saucer shaped

A

Allows some horizontal movement to dissipate occlusal forces

232
Q

How deep should rest seats be on posterior teeth

A

Allow a rest of 1mm

233
Q

4 reasons to use guide planes in RPD’s

A

Easier insertion
Increase stability
reciprocation
Improved aesthetics

234
Q

Why do guide planes allow easier insertion of RPD’s

A

Limit the path of insertion

235
Q

How much enamel should be removed when preparing guide planes

A

<0.5mm

236
Q

What height should guidelines be

A

3mm vertically

237
Q

4 tooth preparations for RPD’s

A

Provide rest seats
Establish guide surfaces
Modify unfavourable survey lines
Creat retentive areas

238
Q

How are retentive areas produced in tooth preparation for RPD’s

A

Add composite to teeth

239
Q

2 types of composite used to create retentive areas for RPD’s

A

Ultrafine composite

Hybrid composite

240
Q

Why would you modify unfavourable survey lines in tooth preparation for RPD’s

A

Clasp is too close to occlusal surface and causes occlusal interference

241
Q

Which impression material is not dimensionally stable

A

Alginate

242
Q

3 things to check a master impression contains for an RPD

A

Frenulum
Rugae on palate
Teeth present

243
Q

What is the tooth mobility scale is used

A

Miller tooth mobility

244
Q

What is 0 on the Miller tooth mobility scale

A

Stable tooth

245
Q

What is 1 on the Miller tooth mobility scale

A

< 1mm buccolingual movement

246
Q

What is 2 on the Miller tooth mobility scale

A

1-2 mm buccolingual movement

247
Q

What is 3 on the Miller tooth mobility scale

A

> 2mm buccolingual movement

248
Q

3 investigations always done on a trauma patient

A

Sensitivity + vitality test
Mobility test
Radiograph

249
Q

What technique is used to make cobalt chrome RPD’s

A

Lost wax technique

250
Q

Describe 4 stages of the lost wax technique for producing metal RPD’s

A

Produce wax shape of RPD
Surround wax shape with mould
Melt wax to remove wax from mould
Fill mould with molten metal

251
Q

What kind of cast does the last wax technique involve

A

Refractory cast

252
Q

What is a refractory cast made of

A

Phosphate bonded investment

253
Q

Describe the heating of the refractory cast in metal RPD production

A

Heat at 200C for 45 minutes

254
Q

What effect does heating have on the refractory cast during metal RPD production

A

Surface wear

255
Q

What 2 things are done to the refractory cast before creating the wax pattern in production of metal RPD’s

A

Heat model

Harden surface

256
Q

3 types of model hardeners used in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Beeswax
Resin
Aerosol

257
Q

How long should the refractory model be cooled before the wax pattern stage in the production of metal RPD’s

A

15-20 minutes

258
Q

Describe how to use beeswax as a model hardener in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Heat model

Dip in hot wax

259
Q

Describe how to use resin as a model hardener in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Heat model

Dip in cold resin

260
Q

Describe how to use aerosol as a model hardener in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Spray cold model

261
Q

3 stages of making the maxillary plate wax pattern in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Adapt 0.2mm wax sheet over the centre of the plate
Adapt 0.5mm wax sheet in 2 halves over plate outline
Burnish halves together

262
Q

Where does the wax retention pattern attach in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Close to the major connector

263
Q

What joins the wax retention pattern to the major connector in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Joining wax

264
Q

What is the external finishing line in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Fiishing line for acrylic

265
Q

What kind of wax is the external finishing line in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Round profile wax smoothed

266
Q

Why would you add posts for anterior teeth in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Due to limited retention

267
Q

What happened when the mesh is thinner in saddle areas in the production of metal RPD’s

A

A miscast

268
Q

Describe the wax patten for clasps in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Draw wax outline over prepared ledges

269
Q

How do you ensure the clasp meets the major connector at the thickest part in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Fill the mesh to the clasp attachment to join to the major connector

270
Q

2 things sprues prevent in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Air turbulence

Air trapping

271
Q

What do sprues do in casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Contact molten metal into the mould

272
Q

Where do you attach sprues in casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Thickest external finishing line closest to metal ingress

273
Q

What is the sprue attached to in casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Plastic cone aligned to a casting machine

274
Q

What is higher: the wax pattern or the cone and sprue attachment in casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Con + sprue attachment

275
Q

Why do you progressively cool from the exterior towards the metal inflow centre in casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Prevent cooling shrinkage

276
Q

What des cooling shrinkage cause

A

Voids in casting

277
Q

What do you do in the investing stage of casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Prepare a mould around the refractory cast

278
Q

2 components of the mould former in the investment stage of casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Base + ring shape

279
Q

What is the function of the ring shape in the mould former in the investing stage of casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Holds investment steady

280
Q

When would a ring not be needed in the mould former in the investing stage of casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

If the investment is phosphate bonded

281
Q

How long do you wait after setting the mould until you place it in the furnace in casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

1 hour

282
Q

What is the temperature rise + time taken for it at the start of the furnace stage of casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

0-1100C

in 3-3.5 hours

283
Q

What is the cobalt chromium melting point

A

1400C

284
Q

How long is the mould held at the precasting temperature in the furnace stage of casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

30 minutes

285
Q

Why is a heat soak done in the furnace stage of casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Ensures even thin sections are hot

286
Q

What 2 things happen if the heat soak is not done in the furnace stage of casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Metal freezes on contact meaning the mould will not fill fully
Mould expands + cracks

287
Q

What do youWhat 2 things do you do in the furnace stage of casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Heat the cast

Pour molten metal into cone

288
Q

What should you follow when cooling in the casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Follow manufacture guidelines

289
Q

How is the cooled mould removed from the metal in casting in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Tap residue of casting button

290
Q

How do you clean the casting in in the production of metal RPD’s

A

In a sandblasting cabinet with aluminium oxide

291
Q

3 things to do after the cast has been produced in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Inspect cast
Fit to dental cast
Electropolish

292
Q

What is a common case of air bubble on the surface of a cast in the production of metal RPD’s

A

Wrong mixing time of refractory cast

293
Q

Crtctyvyg

A

BDS2 (3 decks)

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