13. CP Heart Development and Defects Flashcards

1
Q

What arises from the primary heart fields?

A

Left and right atria, as well as the left ventricle

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2
Q

Almost all of the heart comes from what layer of embryonic tissue?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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3
Q

From what structure do the secondary heart fields develop?

A

Pharyngeal arches

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4
Q

What three pharyngeal arches do the neural crest cells migrate through?

A

3, 4, and 6

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5
Q

What gives rise to the aorticopulmonary septum?

A

Neural Crest cells

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6
Q

What mediates movement of neural crest cells?

A

Retinoic acid / HOX genes / NF-1 / PAX-3

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7
Q

When are the septation events of the heart occurring?

A

4th week to 8th week

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8
Q

When do we see the sinus venosus?

A

Day 23

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9
Q

Where do the smooth parts of the adult heart arise from?

Where does the sinus venarum specifically come from?

A

The sinus venosus

Right horn of the sinus venosus

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10
Q

Where does the coronary sinus come from?

A

Left horn of the sinus venosus

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11
Q

What structures come from the right horn of the sinus venosus?

A

Openings for the superior and inferior vena cava

Opening for the coronary sinus

Sinus venarum

Christa terminalis

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12
Q

What specific structure gives rise to the crista terminalis?

A

The right sinoatrial valve’s cranial portion

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13
Q

When does the heart first begin to beat?

A

Day 22 (week 4)

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14
Q

What is the dorsal mesocardium?

A

A mesentary, drived from the splanchnic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm

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15
Q

What is the most posterior structure of the heart?

A

The left atrium

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16
Q

When do septation events occur?

A

From week 4 to 8

17
Q

What structure comes from the left horn of the sinus venosus?

A

Coronary sinus

18
Q

What four structures come from the right horn of the coronary sinus?

A

Orifice for the coronary sinus

Orifice for the superior / inferior vena cava

Sinus venarum

Crista terminalis

19
Q

What structures come from the caudal and rostral part of the right sinuatrial valve?

A

The caudal part becomes the valve of the coronary sinus and most of the valve of the inferior vena cava.

The cranial part becomes the crista terminalis

20
Q

What embryologic layer forms the muscular interventricular septum?

A

Splanchnic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm

21
Q

What structures are given rise to by the bulbus cordis on the right and left side of the heart?

A

Right: Conus arteriosus

Left: Aortic vestibule

22
Q

What embryological layer gives rise to the membranous interventricular septum?

A

Neural crest cells (right and left bulbar ridge)

(and the endocardial cushion is made from splanchnic mesoderm)

23
Q

What cavities of the heart are separated by the membranous interventricular septum?

A

Right and left ventricle

AND

Right atrium and left ventricle

24
Q

What embryological layer are the semilunar valves made from?

What primitive structures become the semilunar valves?

A

Neural crest cells and mesoderm

Ventral and dorsal valve swellings

25
Q

What are the four symptoms associated with Tetrology of Fallot?

A

Pulmonary stenosis

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Overriding Aorta

Ventricular Septal Defect