Most common conditions

Question 1

What are the features of venous ulceration?

Answer 1

these are formed by increased venous pressure causing damaged blood vessels
they present are dry and itchy skin and tend to be in the gaiter area

Question 2

What are the features of arterial ulceration?

Answer 2

these tend to be around the feet

Question 3

What is Type 4 hypersensitivity seen as in the skin?

Answer 3

allergic contact dermatitis

Question 4

How does Type 1 hypersensitivity present in the skin?

Answer 4

urticaria which is itchy lesions and this is in an hour and is associated with non-pitting angioedema

Question 5

What dose is in an epipen?

Answer 5

500micrograms and each patient is given two

Question 6

What is hyperkeratosis?

Answer 6

increased thickness of keratin layer

Question 7

What is acanthosis?

Answer 7

increased thickness of epidermis

Question 8

What is parakeratosis?

Answer 8

persistance of nuclei in the keratin layer

Question 9

What is papillomatosis?

Answer 9

irregular epithelial thickening

Question 10

What is spongiosis?

Answer 10

oedema in the epidermis

Question 11

What are the main reaction patterns of inflammatory skin diseases?

Answer 11

• spongiotic: intraepidermal oedema eg eczema
• psoriasiform: elongation of the rete ridges eg psoriasis
• lichenoid: basal layer damage eg lichen planus or lupus
• vesiculobullous: pemphigoid, pemphigus and dermatitis herpetifomis

Question 12

What are the main blistering disorders or immunobullous disorders?

Answer 12

• pemphigus
• bullous pemphigoid
• dermatitis herpetiformis

Question 13

What is seborrhoeic keratosis?

Answer 13

benign proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes

Question 14

What do seborrhoeic keratoses look like?

Answer 14

stuck-on appearance with a greasy hyperkeratotic surface

Question 15

What does an eruption of seborrhoeic keratoses suggest?

Answer 15

internal malignancy (Leser-Trelat sign)

Question 16

What is a chronic leg ulcer?

Answer 16

open lesion between the knee and the ankle that remains unhealed for at least 4 weeks

Question 17

What is lipodermatoscleroisis?

Answer 17

harder woody feel of skin- induration, inflammation and pigmentation of the skin

Question 18

What is slough?

Answer 18

debris and dead skin that covers the ulcer and can be removed by compression

Question 19

What is ideal ABPI?

Answer 19

0.8-1.3 is a normal ABPI with 1 being completely normal

Question 20

What is 5% imiquimod cream used for?

Answer 20

common precancers

Question 21

What are the layers of the scalp?

Answer 21

SCALP
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum

Question 22

What are the - of punch biopsy?

Answer 22

• difficult to judge depth
• round holes don’t heal well
• sample may be too small

Question 23

What is the treatment for actinic keratoses?

Answer 23

• topical 5% 5-fluorouracil treatment

- cryotherapy

Question 24

What is Bowen’s disease?

Answer 24

intraepidermal carcinoma which is full thickness dysplasia of the keratinocytes within the dermis

Question 25

What does scarlet fever present with?

Answer 25

• red cheeks
• rash
• strawberry tongue

Question 26

What is the treatment for scarlet fever?

Answer 26

penicillin

Question 27

What is the treatment for impetigo?

Answer 27

• fusidic acid cream (best for kids)

- flucloxacillin oral

Question 28

How does hand, foot and mouth disease present?

Answer 28

papules on hands, buttocks, soles and in mouth

Question 29

What drug can aggravate psoriasis?

Answer 29

beta blockers