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Neuroscience > Session 1 Topography > Flashcards

Session 1 Topography Flashcards

1
Q

What is grey matter composed of?

A

Cell bodies and dendrites

BUT it does also have axons which allow it to communicate with white matter

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2
Q

What is white matter composed of?

A

Axons (with their supporting cells)

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3
Q

Why is white matter white?

A

Due to the presence of fatty myelin

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4
Q

What is the PNS equivalent of grey matter?

A

A ganglion

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5
Q

What is the PNS equivalent of white matter?

A

A Peripheral nerve

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6
Q

Why is grey matter grey?

A

It’s highly vascular (reflects its computational role)

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7
Q

Define Funiculus (plural = funiculi)

Also - what direction do the impulses travel in?

A

A segment of WHITE matter containing lots of distinct tracts

Impulses travel in multiple directions

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8
Q

Define tract

what direction do the impulses travel in?

A

An anatomically and functionally defined white matter pathway connecting two distinct regions of grey matter

Impulses travel in ONE direction

‘One direction have a good trac(t)’

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9
Q

Define Fasciculus (plural = fasciculi)

A

A subdivision of a tract supplying a distinct region of the body

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10
Q

Define nucleus (grey matter)

A

A collection of functionally related cell bodies

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11
Q

Define cortex (grey matter)

How thick is it?

A

A folded sheet of cell bodies found on the surface of the brain structure

1-5mm thick

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12
Q

Define fibre (white matter)

A
  • a term relating to an axon in association with its supporting cells (e.g. oligodendrocytes)

(Used synonymously with ‘axon’)

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13
Q

What do association fibres connect?

A

Cortical regions within the SAME hemisphere

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14
Q

What do commissural fibres connect?

A

Left and right hemispheres (or cord halves)

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15
Q

What do projection fibres connect?

A

The cerebral hemispheres with the cord/brainstem (and vice versa)

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16
Q

Midbrain

  • function (2)
  • a.k.a.?
A
  1. eye movements
  2. reflex responses to sound and vision

A.k.a. Mesencephalon

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17
Q

Pons

Function? (2)

A

Feeding

Sleeping

18
Q

Medulla

A

Cardiovascular and respiratory centres

Contains a major motor pathway (medullary pyramids)

19
Q

Central sulcus

What plane does it sit in and what does it separate?

A

Coronal plane

Separates frontal and parietal planes

20
Q

What does the precentral gyrus contain?

A

Primary motor cortex

21
Q

What does the postcentral gyrus contain?

A

Primary sensory cortex

22
Q

What does the lateral (Sylvian) fissure separate?

A

Temporal from frontal/parietal lobes

23
Q

What does the parieto-occipital sulcus separate?

A

Parietal from occipital lobe

24
Q

Relevance of the calcarine sulcus?

A

The primary visual cortex surrounds it

25
Q

Relevance of the optic chiasm?

A

A site where fibres in the visual system cross over

26
Q

Relevance of the uncus? what lobe is it part of? What important role does it have?

A

Part of the temporal lobe that can herniate and compress the midbrain

Important olfactory role

27
Q

Parahippocampal gyrus?

A

Key cortical region for memory encoding (inferio-medial aspect of brain)

28
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Fibres connective the two cerebral hemispheres (v dense!)

29
Q

Function of the thalamus?

A

Sensory relay station projecting to sensory cortex

30
Q

Importance of cingulate gyrus?

A

Cortical area important for emotion and memory

31
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

Essential centre for homeostasis

32
Q

What is the fornix?

A

Major output pathway for the hippocampus

33
Q

what is the tectum?

A

Dorsal part of the midbrain involved in involuntary responses to auditory and visual stimuli

34
Q

relevance of cerebellar tonsils?

A

Part of the cerebellum that can herniate and compress the medulla

35
Q

What makes CSF?

A

Choroid plexus in the ventricles

36
Q

How much CSF is made a day?

A

600-700 ml in total

37
Q

Where is CSF reabsorbed?

A

Arachnoid granulations (and some other sites)

38
Q

If there was a blockage in the aqueduct, what would happen to the ventricles?

A

The lateral ventricles would dilate (their CSF drainage is blocked)
The 3rd ventricle would dilate
The 4th ventricle would be normal as the blockage is further upstream so the CSF can drain through the 4th ventricles aperture’s normally

39
Q

How do you treat an aqueductal stenosis?

A

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt

= shunt has a valve with one-way flow
= the end with the catheter is placed in the 3rd ventricle and the other end is placed in the peritoneal cavity - excess CSF is reabsorbed by the surrounding tissue

40
Q

Consequence’s of aqueductal stenosis?

A

Can lead to hydrocephalus

  • headaches and raised intracranial pressure
  • difficulty looking up

Neuroscience (17 decks)

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