Global Perspective On H+N Condtions

Question 1

What’s the WHO target for reducing avoidable visual impairment by 2019?

Answer 1

Reduce by 2019

Question 2

RF for cataract

Answer 2

UV exposure increases risk

Question 3

Tx for cataracts

Answer 3

Surgery

Question 4

What’s the leading cause of visual impairment?

Answer 4

Un corrected refractive impairment

Question 5

2nd biggest cause of VI?

Answer 5

Glaucoma

Question 6

Tx for glaucoma

Answer 6

Life long eye drops

Question 7

Complications with Tx for glaucoma?

Answer 7

Complications due to poor hygiene leading to loss of confidence in treatment

Question 8

What is corneal opacity/scarring usually second to?

Answer 8

Trachoma

Question 9

What’s trachoma?

Answer 9

A contagious bacterial infection of the eye, causing inflamed granulation on the inner surface of the lids

Question 10

Aetiology for trachoma

Answer 10

Bacterial infection due to:

• face washing with dirty water
• sharing linen
• flies

Question 11

Treatment for trachoma

Answer 11

SAFE

• surgery
• antibiotics
• face washing
• environmental

Question 12

RF for trachoma

Answer 12

Malnutrition (vit A) predisposes

Question 13

Aetiology for onchocerciasis (river blindness)

Answer 13

Riverside areas

Transmitted by black flies

Question 14

S+S for onchocerciasis

Answer 14

Eye lesions
Inflammation
Scarring

Question 15

Tx for onchocerciasis

Answer 15

Annual dose ivermectin

VISION 2020 vector control programme

Question 16

What’re three things that blindness can be avoided with

Answer 16

Hygiene, sanitation, clean water
Improved access to eye care
Improved nutrition

Question 17

What is classified as disabling hearing loss?

Answer 17

Hearing loss greater than 40dB in affected adults

Question 18

What does the inability to communicate lead to?

Answer 18

Social isolation

Affects academic performance and prospect

Question 19

Strategies for avoiding hearing loss

Answer 19

Immunisations 
Antenatal care and rubella immunisations
Education
Hygiene and clean water 
Early detection and intervention 
Social support
Simple aids

Question 20

What are craniofacial deformities second to and where are they highest?

Answer 20

2nd to maternal infections

Higher in LMIC

Question 21

What can cleft lip and palate lead to?

Answer 21

Feeding difficulties and malnutrition
Ear infections
Speech problems and breathing difficulties

Question 22

Example of a mobile surgical camp

Answer 22

Operation smile