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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Structure

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2
Q

Gross/Macroscopic Anatomy

Subcategories

A

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye

3 subcategories: regional, systemic, surface anatomy

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3
Q

Regional anatomy

A

All the structures in a particular region of the body studied at the same time

Subcategory of gross/macroscopic anatomy

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4
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Studied system by system

Subcategory of gross/macroscopic anatomy

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5
Q

Surface anatomy

A

The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

Subcategory of gross/macroscopic anatomy

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6
Q

Microscopic anatomy

Subcategories

A

Structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

Subcategories: cytology and histology

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7
Q

Cytology

A

Studies cells of the body

Subcategory of microscopic anatomy

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8
Q

Histology

A

Study of Tissue

Subcategory of microscopic anatomy

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9
Q

Developmental Anatomy

Subcategories

A

Traces structural changes that occur throughout the lifespan

Subcategory: embryology

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10
Q

Embryology

A

Developmental changes that occur before birth

Subcategory of developmental anatomy

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11
Q

Physiology

A

Function

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12
Q

Complementarity

A

How anatomy and physiology work together

Function always reflects structure

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13
Q

Levels of Structural Organization

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Organelle
  3. Cell
  4. Tissue
  5. Organ
  6. Organ system
  7. Organism
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14
Q

Types of Tissue

A

Epithelium
Muscle
Connective
Nervous

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15
Q

Organ Systems

Definition and Types

A

Organs work together to accomplish a common purpose

Respiratory
Urinary
Nervous
Muscular
Reproductive
Skeletal
Lymphatic
Integumentary
Digestive
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
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16
Q

Requirements for Life (7)

A 
Maintaining Boundaries
Responsiveness
Digestion
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
Movement
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17
Q

Survival Needs (5)

A 
Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Normal body temp (98.7)
Atmospheric pressure
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18
Q

Homeostasis

A

The ability to maintain stability inside while the outside changes

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19
Q

Components of Homeostasis

A

Receptor: monitors the environment and responds to changes

Control Center: determines the set point

Effector: provides the means for the control centers response to the stimulus

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20
Q

Types of Nutrients

A

Carbs
Protein
Lipids/fats
Vitamins/minerals

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21
Q

Negative VS Positive feedback

A

Negative: output shuts off original effect

Positive: output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus

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22
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Body erect
Feet slightly apart
Palms forward
Thumbs away from body

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23
Q

Superior or _____________

A

Cranial

Toward the head end or upper part of the body; above

24
Q

Inferior or ____________

A

Caudal

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body; below

25
Q

Anterior or _________

A

Ventral

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

26
Q

Posterior or ______________

A

Dorsal

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

27
Q

Medial

A

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

28
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

29
Q

Intermediate

A

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

30
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment

31
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment

32
Q

Superficial or ___________

A

External

Toward or at the body surface

33
Q

Deep or ____________

A

Internal

Away from the body surface

34
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Vertical plane that divides the body into left and right parts

35
Q

Frontal or __________ Plane

A

Coronal

Vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

36
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts

37
Q

Oblique Sections

A

Cuts made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes

38
Q

Dorsal Cavity

Definition and Subcavities

A

Protects the nervous system organ

Cranial cavity: encases the brain
Vertebral cavity: encases the spine

39
Q

Ventral Cavity

Subcavities

A

Thoracic Cavity: chest

  • 2 pleural cavities (lungs)
  • Mediastinum
  • Pericardial: encloses the heart

Abdominopelvic Cavity

  • Abdominal cavity: contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs
  • Pelvic cavity: contains the urinary bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum
40
Q

Denature

A

Break down protein by acid, base, heat, radiation, etc.

Happens in tertiary structure

41
Q

Where is hemoglobin found?

A

In the Quaternary Structure

42
Q

Atom

A

Combines to form molecules

43
Q

Molecule

A

Associate to form organelles

44
Q

Organelle

A

Basic component of cells

45
Q

Cells

A

Smallest unit of living things

46
Q

Tissue

A

Groups of similar cells that have a common function

47
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Covers the body surface and lines its cavities

48
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Provides movement

49
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Supports and protects body organs

50
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Provides a means of rapid internal communication by transmitting electrical pulses

51
Q

Organs

A

Are composed of at least two different types of tissue

More commonly 4 types

52
Q

Carbs

A

Primary source of fuel

53
Q

Protein

A

Builds structure

54
Q

Lipids/fats

A

Insulation
Builds Structure
Cushions Organs
Stores Fuel

55
Q

Vitamins/Minerals

A

Chemical Reactions

Oxygen Transport

Anatomy and Physiology (13 decks)

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