Neuropsychology

Question 1

Global unity

Answer 1

I am one person in the center of one unified world

Question 2

The binding problem

Answer 2

How is the unity of consciousness produced by the brain?

Seems to be no unified anatomical center in the brain where all the perceptual information is integrated

Question 3

Apperceptive and associative Agnosia

Answer 3

Patient cannot recognize visual objects.
No problem with memory, general intelligence or qualia.
Apperceptive cannot copy objects while associative can.

Question 4

Chromatic colors

Answer 4

Rainbow

Question 5

Achromatic colors

Answer 5

Grayscale

Question 6

Achromatopsia

Answer 6

Brain damage in V4 resulting in severe loss of color vision

Question 7

Hemi-Achromatopsia

Answer 7

Damage to V4 in only one hemisphere, resulting in loss of color vision in one visual field.

Question 8

Akinetopsia

Answer 8

Damage to area V5 resulting in visual motion blindness.

Movements can appear to be frozen, since you are unable to perceive movements.

Question 9

Prosopagnosia

Answer 9

Deficit of face recognition. No problem with seeing faces, but inability to recognize them and seeing them as coherent objects.

Question 10

Semantic dementia

Answer 10

Loss of meaningfulness of objects.

Loss of common knowledge

Question 11

Neglect

Answer 11

Damage to right posteror parietal lobe.
Stimuli from the left side of the physical space do not reach consciousness, the left side of conscious perceptual space has disappeared and can not be attended.

Question 12

Simultanagnosia

Answer 12

Only one object at a time can be seen.

Question 13

Balint´s syndrome

Answer 13

Can only see one object at a time.

Patient is lost in space, cannot locate objects or interact with them

Question 14

Explicit memory

Answer 14

Conscious experienced information, reportable content

Question 15

Implicit memory

Answer 15

Nonconscious experienced information, guide actions and motor skills. Unable to report about it.

Question 16

Amnesia

Answer 16

Deficit of autobiographical memory

Question 17

Retrograde Amnesia

Answer 17

Unable to remember things before the accident

Question 18

Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 18

Unable to form new memories

Question 19

Global Amnesia

Answer 19

Unable to remember thing before the accident and unable to form new memories after the accident.
Mental time travel is restricted or impossible

Question 20

Anosognosia

Answer 20

Unawareness of a specific deficit.

E.g unawareness that one is suffering from neglect

Question 21

Somatoparaphrenia

Answer 21

Unawareness of denial of ownership of body parts.
Beliefs that ones own body parts are not their own.
Often occur with Anosgnosia after right parietal lobe damage.

Question 22

Split-brain

Answer 22

Separation of the two hemispheres.

Patient acts, speak and feel no different.

Question 23

Lest hemisphere consciousness

Answer 23

Phenomenal consciousness + Reflective consciousness

Question 24

Right hemisphere consciousness

Answer 24

Only phenomenal consciousness?

Question 25

Left hemisphere interpreter

Answer 25

Maintains the status quo and defense core beliefs and positive interpretations.
Uses freudian defense mechanisms.
Produces explanations, casual interpretations and confabulations

Question 26

Right hemisphere Devil´s advocate

Answer 26

Critically monitors beliefs.
Questions, challenges and overthrows old beliefs if they do not correspond to reality.
Initiates evolutions and paradigm shifts in belief system.

Question 27

Delusion

Answer 27

A belief that for others seems obviously false, but still is held by the person with high condition even if in the face of contrary evidence

Question 28

Capgras delusion

Answer 28

Belief that familiar people are not the same anymore.

They have been replaced by similar-looking impostors

Question 29

Fregoli delusion

Answer 29

Belief that strangers are familiar people in disguise

Question 30

Delusional misidentification

Answer 30

Belief that the identification of a person, object or place has been changed or altered.
Includes Capgras and Feloni delusions.

Question 31

Cotard delusion

Answer 31

The belief of being dead.

‘’ I am dead, my body have died, I do not exist anymore’’

Question 32

Explicit information

Answer 32

Information that enters consciousness.
Becomes content of primary consciousness and has to access reflective consciousness.
Can be experienced and reported

Question 33

Implicit information

Answer 33

Remains outside of consciousness.

Is processed bu the brain non-consciously and cannot be experienced or reported.

Question 34

Blindsight

Answer 34

Damage to primary visual cortex.
The stimuli reaches the primary visual cortex, but cannot be consciously processed.
Blindness to visual stimuli that fall into the damaged part of the perceptual field. No object recognition but ability to detect and discriminate unseen visual stimuli

Question 35

Phenomenal consciousness

Answer 35

To feel ones own existence, to have any subjective experiences.
Qualia.
The redness of red.
The hurtfulness of pain.

Question 36

Access / Reflective consciousness

Answer 36

To think and control actions.
Inner speech, control, verbal reports, ability to describe our experiences, memory.
Spotlight of attention, selective attention to specific contents of consciousness.
Evaluating, passing a judgement, categorizing.
E.g What emotions am I feeling right now? How strong are they? Is this color more beautiful than that color?

Question 37

Self - Awareness

Answer 37

To be someone, a conscious self.
Mental time travel : to reconstruct oneself in the past and project oneself in the future.
Embodied self : it is me performing these actions, our experiencing these things.

Question 38

Dorsal visual stream

Answer 38

Where

Stream for action

Question 39

Ventral visual stream

Answer 39

What

Stream for perception