Goniometric Technique

Question 1

What is the axis for shoulder flexion and extension?

Answer 1

acromial process

Question 2

What is the axis for shoulder abduction and adduction?

Answer 2

anterior aspect of acromial process

Question 3

What is the position for Shoulder IR/ER?

Answer 3

supine with arm abducted to 90 and elbow flexed to 90

Question 4

What is the axis for shoulder IR/ER?

Answer 4

olecranon process

Question 5

What is the Position, Axis, stationary arm, and moveable arm for forearm pronation?

Answer 5

Position: sitting with elbow flexed to 90
Axis: lateral to the ulnar styloid
Stationary arm: parallel to the anterior midline of humerus
Moveable arm: dorsal aspect of forearm, just proximal to styloid process of radius and ulna

BOTH THE MOVEABLE AND STATIONARY ARM WILL BE FACING UP, PARALLEL TO THE HUMERUS TO START

Question 6

What is the Position, Axis, stationary arm, and moveable arm for forearm supination?

Answer 6

Axis: lateral to the radial styloid
Stationary arm: parallel to the anterior midline of humerus
Movable arm: ventral aspect of the forearm, just proximal to the styloid process of the radius and ulna

BOTH THE MOVEABLE AND STATIONARY ARM WILL BE FACING UP, PARALLEL TO THE HUMERUS TO START

Question 7

What is the axis, stationary arm,and moveable arm for wrist flexion and extension?

Answer 7

Axis: lateral aspect of wrist over triquetrum
Stationary arm: lateral midline of the ulna
Moveable arm: lateral midline of 5th metacarpal

Question 8

What is the axis, stationary arm, and moveable arm for wrist ulnar and radial deviation?

Answer 8

Axis: over the middle of the dorsal aspect of the wrist over the capitate
Stationary arm: dorsal midline of the forearm
Moveable arm: dorsal midline of the third metacarpal

Question 9

What is the axis, stationary arm, and moveable arm for THUMB CMC Flexion/Extension?

Answer 9

Axis: over the palmar aspect of the 1st CMC jiont
Stationary arm: ventral midline of the radius
Moveable arm: ventral midline of 1st CMC

Question 10

What is the axis, stationary arm, and moveable arm for THUMB CMC abduction and adduction?

Answer 10

Axis: over the lateral aspect of the radial styloid process
Stationary arm: lateral midline of the second metacarpal
Moveable arm: lateral midline of the first metacarpal

AB and ADDUCTION SO ON THE SIDE OF THE HAND

Question 11

What is the axis, stationary arm, and moving arm for finger metacarpophalangeal Flexion/Extension/Abduction/Adduction?

Answer 11

Axis: over the dorsal aspect of the metacarpophalangeal joint
Stationary arm; over the dorsal midline of the metacarpal
Moveable arm: dorsal midline of proximal phalanx

Question 12

What is the axis, stationary arm, and moving arm for finger PIP Flexion/Extension?

Answer 12

Axis: over the dorsal aspect of the PIP
Stationary: over the dorsal midline of the proximal phalanx
Moving: over the dorsal midline of the middle phalanx

Question 13

What is the axis, stationary arm, and moving arm for finger DIP Flexion/Extension?

Answer 13

Axis: over the dorsal aspect of the distal interphalangeal joint
Stationary: over the dorsal midline of the middle pahalanx
Moving: over the dorsal midline of the stationary phalanx

Question 14

What is the position for ankle PF/DF?

Answer 14

sitting with knee flexed to 90

Question 15

What is the position, axis, stationary arm, and moveable arm for ankle Inversion/Eversion? –> NOT SUBTALAR

Answer 15

Position: sitting with knee flexed to 90
Axis: anterior aspect of of the ankle midway between malleoli
Stationary: anterior midline of lower leg using tibial tuberosity for reference
Moving: anterior midline of second metatarsal

Question 16

What is the position, axis, stationary arm, and moveable arm for Subtalar Inversion/Eversion?

Answer 16

Position: prone with foot extended over a supporting surface
Axis: posterior aspect of ankle, midway between malleoli
Stationary arm: posterior midline of lower leg
Moving arm: posterior midline of calcaneus

Question 17

What is the position, axis, stationary arm, and moveable arm for Cervical flexion/extension?

Answer 17

Position: sitting with thoracic and lumbar spine supported
Axis: over the external auditory meatus
Stationary arm: perpendicular or parallel to ground
Moving Arm: along the base of the nares (parallel to ground)

Question 18

What is the position, axis, stationary arm, and moveable arm for Cervical laterla flexion?

Answer 18

Position: sitting
Axis: over spinous process of C7
Stationary: spinous processes of thoracic vertbrae
Moving: along dorsal midline of head

Question 19

What is the position, axis, stationary arm, and moveable arm for Cervical rotation?

Answer 19

Position: sitting with thoracic and lumbar spine supported
Axis: over center of the cranial aspect of the head (ON TOP OF HEAD)
Stationary: parallel to an imaginary line between the two acromion processes
Moving: with the tip of the nose

Question 20

How is flexion and extension of the thoracolumbar spine measured?

Answer 20

Tape measure between T1 and S2. Take the difference between starting and end position.

Question 21

What is the position, axis, stationary arm, and moveable arm for Thoracolumbar Lateral Flexion?

Answer 21

Position: standing with feet shoulder width apart
Axis: over the posterior aspect of the spinous process of S2
Stationary: perpendicular to the ground
Moving: along posterior aspect of spinous process of T1

Question 22

What is the position, axis, stationary arm, and moveable arm for Thoracolumbar Rotation?

Answer 22

Position: sitting on a chair without a back with feet on floor
Axis: over the center of the cranial aspect of the head (ON TOP OF THE HEAD)
Stationary: parallel to an imaginary line between the two prominent tubercles of the iliac crests
Moving: along an imaginary line between the tow acromial processes