w3 thoracic cavity

Question 1

at what vertebrae level is the manubrium, body of the sternum and the diploid process

Answer 1

t2-t4

t5-t9

t10

Question 2

ID the borders of the superior thoracic aperture and the inferior thoracic aperture

Answer 2

superior: body of T1, right and left rib 1, manubrium inferior: body of T12, right and left ribs 11 & 12, right and left costal margins, xiphisternal joint

Question 3

where does the rib articulate with the vertebrae and the transverse process

Answer 3

vetebrae: articular facet

transverse process: tubercle

Question 4

which ribs are true

false

floating

Answer 4

true: 1-7 attach to its own costal cartilage
false: 8-10
floating: 11-12

Question 5

describe the movement of the ribs and the volume changes in the thoracic during inspiration

Answer 5

external intercostals pull up and out and volume increases

Question 6

describe the movement of the ribs and the volume changes in the thoracic during expiration

Answer 6

the internal intercostals move down and in and the volume decreases

Question 7

what muscle in the thoracic wall serves in proprioception

Answer 7

transversus thoracis muscle

Question 8

what supplies the posterior intercostal arteries

Answer 8

Aorta

supreme intercostal artery ( supplied by costocervicaltrunk of the subclavian artery) in intercostal space 1 and 2

Question 9

what supplies the anterior intercostal artery

Answer 9

they are paired so there is 2

internal thoracic upper half

musculophrenic lower half

Question 10

what are the terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery

Answer 10

musculophrenic and the superior epigastric

Question 11

what artery is inferior to rib 12

Answer 11

subcostal supplied by aorta

Question 12

what artery is commonly rerouted in cardiac artery bypass surgeries and why

Answer 12

internal thoracic artery, because the anterior is compensated with anastomoses from the posterior and the superior epigastric will be compensated by the anastomoses with the inferior epigastric

Question 13

what is the function of the pleural cavity

Answer 13

The pleural cavity between these membranes contains serous fluid. Surface tension in the serous fluid is crucial for holding the parietal and visceral pleurae together to prevent lung collapse and allow lung inflation

Question 14

what turns the pleural cavity from a potential space to an actual cavity

Answer 14

During lung collapse, the parietal and visceral pleurae separate

Question 15

what is the treatment for pleural effusion

Answer 15

thoracentesis to drain the excess fluid

Question 16

at what level of the vertebrae is the thoracic plane and what is the significance of it

Answer 16

T4/T5

divides the superior mediastinum from the inferior mediastinum

Question 17

what are the contents of the anterior mediastinum

middle mediastinum

posterior mediastinum

Answer 17

anterior:

thymus gland

Middle

• Vessels: roots of the great vessels of the heart
• nerves: phrenic nerve
• pericardium and heart

posterior

• arteries: descending aorta (thoracic aorta)
• veins: azygos system
• nerves: vagusnerves, esophageal plexus, sympathetic trunks, greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves
• lymphatics: thoracic duct, collecting trunks, posterior mediastinal lymph nodes
• esophagus

Question 18

What forms the most superior border of the sternum? What forms the most inferior portion of the sternum?

Answer 18

suprasternal notch (jugular notch), xiphoid process

Question 19

At what vertebral level is the sternal angle?

Answer 19

1.between T4 and T5

Question 20

What structures define the superior thoracic aperture?

Answer 20

1.the body of T1, right and left first ribs and their costal cartilages, and the manubrium (specifically, its jugular notch)

Question 21

Which structure is more medial, the internal thoracic artery or internal thoracic vein

Answer 21

vein

Question 23

What vessel does the azygos vein drain into

Answer 23

superior vena cava, just superior to the right atrium of the heart

Question 24

What vessel does the hemiazygos vein typically drain into

Answer 24

Generally, the hemiazygos vein crosses the vertebral bodies to drain into the azygos vein on the right side. However, the hemiazygos vein may also anastomose with the accessory hemiazygos vein superiorly, which drains into the left brachiocephalic vein.

Question 25

To alleviate a patient’s pleural effusion, you perform a thoracentesis by inserting a needle into the patient’s pleural cavity via an intercostal space (anterior to the angle of the ribs). What structures are you keen on avoiding with your needle?

Answer 25

Anterior intercostal arteries and veins, intercostal nerve, and collateral nerve. Mostly the intercostal nerve and collateral nerve since you’ll insert the needle between them

Question 26

you perform a thoracentesis on a patient’s chest attempting to drain their pleural cavity, but you go too deep and puncture the lung. Name each of the structures the needle passed through as you inserted it.

Answer 26

After the skin and subcutaneous tissue: external intercostal m. ➤ internal intercostal m. ➤ innermost intercostal m. ➤ parietal pleura ➤ pleural cavity ➤ visceral pleura ➤ lung tissue

Question 27

Imagine a red blood cell is in the right posterior intercostal vein 3. Which vessels (in order) does it pass through on its trip back to the heart?

Answer 27

1.right posterior intercostal vein 3 ➤ right superior intercostal vein ➤ azygos vein ➤ SVC ➤ right atrium

Question 28

Imagine a red blood cell is in the left posterior intercostal vein 3. Which vessels (in order) does it pass through on its trip back to the heart?

Answer 28

left posterior intercostal vein 3 ➤ left superior intercostal vein ➤ left brachiocephalic vein ➤ SVC ➤ right atrium

Question 29

What designates the inferior border of the superior mediastinum and the superior border of the inferior mediastinum?

Answer 29

1.the plane of the sternal angle, at the level of the T4/T5 intervertebral disc, where the superior portion of the pericardium is located

Question 30

What structure is located immediately posterior to the trachea

Answer 30

esophagus

Question 31

where does the majority of the lymph drain

Answer 31

to thoracic duct then to the left Subclavian vein