Marketisation And Privatisation

Question 1

Neoliberalism has links to what theory and in what way?

Answer 1

Neoliberalism has links to what theory and in what way?

New right

The state should have minimal role in providing public services like education And instead rely on a system similar to how businesses run in a free market

Question 2

Factors education policy has been influenced by since the 1980s:

Answer 2

Factors education policy has been influenced by since the 1980s:

1
Neoliberalism
2
Globalisation
3
Privatisation
4
Marketisation

Question 3

Evaluating privatisation

Positives
•

Negative
•

Answer 3

Evaluating privatisation

Positives
Creates more business-like and efficient schools

Negatives
Money might be diverted from education into private profit

Question 4

Examples (2) of privatisation in education (endogenous):

Answer 4

Examples of privatisation in education (endogenous):

Involves schools and colleges operating in similar ways to private independent businesses

Using target setting and league tables to measure progress

Managing their own affairs and competing with other schools for pupils

Question 5

Exogenous Privatisation

Answer 5

Exogenous Privatisation

Privatisation of education refers to the opening up of state education to private businesses who design, manage or deliver education.

Question 6

What is an example of how globalisation has influenced UK educational policy?

Answer 6

What is an example of how globalisation has influenced UK educational policy?

The introduction of EBacc

Question 7

Ball and Youdell distinguish between:

Answer 7

Ball and Youdell distinguish between:

1
Privatisation in education (endogenous privatisation)
2
Privatisation of education (exogenous privatisation)

Question 8

Examples of privatisation of education (exogenous):

Answer 8

Examples of privatisation of education (exogenous):

1
Privately managed chains of academy schools
2
Private companies taking responsibility for the exam system
3
ICT companies like Apple and Google providing online curriculum content

Question 9

The marketisation of education began with the 19__ … Act, influenced by the neoliberal ideas of the New Right, and includes three main features:

Answer 9

The marketisation of education began with the 1988 Education Reform Act, influenced by the neoliberal ideas of the New Right, and includes three main features:

Independence. (Independence refers to the way schools operate similarly to businesses, in that they have control over their own affairs.)

Competition. (means that schools compete with other schools for customers (pupils).)

Choice. (Choice or ‘parent power’ (a ‘parentocracy’) refers to the way in which parents and potential pupils (the customers) are given the opportunity to decide which school or college they attend, rather than these decisions being made by the local authority.)

Question 10

Quality control system

These features(independence, competition, choice) are then supported by a quality control system that includes ___ (by Ofsted), a national ___ approved by the government, and testing and the publication of Performance ___ tables to help parents identify …

Answer 10

Quality control system

These features are then supported by a quality control system that includes inspections (by Ofsted), a national curriculum approved by the government, and testing and the publication of Performance League tables to help parents identify the best and weakest schools.

Question 11

Why does marketisation fail to help the weaker schools improve?

Answer 11

Why does marketisation fail to help the weaker schools improve?

They lose money to their more successful rivals

Question 12

Parentocracy isn’t a reality for many parents;

Answer 12

Parentocracy isn’t a reality for many parents; it is mainly the middle-classes that have gained most from parental choice.

Question 13

Negative Consequences of Marketisation

There is less control over the …

There is less control over …

There is little regulation to prevent …

Answer 13

Negative Consequences of Marketisation

There is less control over the planning and supply of school places.

There is less control over school quality.

There is little regulation to prevent illegal and unfair covert admission policies.

Question 14

Schools might attempt to maintain their position in the league tables by … (usually the middle-class) which increases …

Answer 14

Schools might attempt to maintain their position in league tables by concentrating resources on those pupils who are most likely to achieve (usually the middle-class) which increases divisions between pupils.

Question 15

Quality control systems in the UK education system:

Answer 15

Quality control systems in the UK education system:

1
Inspections (by Ofsted)
2
A national curriculum approved by the government
3
Testing and the publication of Performance League tables

Question 16

Outline two criticisms of the national curriculum

Answer 16

Outline two criticisms of the national curriculum

Content was very traditional and an imaginative, neglected important areas for example political understanding

accused of being ethnocentric for example Africa Afro-Caribbean and Asian history is neglected and emphasis is placed on the pros of British colonialism

Question 17

Identify why are schools position in the league table may be an unsatisfactory measure of the schools effectiveness

Answer 17

Identify why are schools position in the league table may be an unsatisfactory measure of the schools effectiveness

Only based on exam data leading the argument that they revealed more about the social class backgrounds of pupils then the quality of the school itself

stops underprivileged schools getting better

Question 18

Outline the impact of the funding formula on (a) high achieving and (b) lower achieving schools:

Answer 18

Outline the impact of the funding formula on (a) high achieving and (b) lower achieving schools:

Popular schools gain more funds, so they attract better qualified teachers and better facilities

unpopular schools lose income and find it difficult to match the teacher skills and facilities of the most successful rivals

Question 19

Has the introduction of league tables impacted on schools’ priorities

Answer 19

Has the introduction of league tables impacted on schools’ priorities

Yes, they treat students as commodities rather than providing a service

Question 20

According to ball at owl, what has been the effects of parental choice on education

Answer 20

According to ball at owl, what has been the effects of parental choice on education

working-class parents will send their children to local schools as transport costs are cheaper.

some parents have cultural capital (Knowledge and skills) whereas some have economic capital (money) and not all parents have equal choice

Question 21

Does the research suggest that parentocracy is a reality or a myth? Explain your answer.

Answer 21

Does the research suggest that parentocracy is a reality or a myth? Explain your answer.

It’s a reality but only applies for the middle-class as middle-class parents are much likely to exercise their choice

Question 22

Who argued that the national curriculum is ethnocentric

Answer 22

Who argued that the national curriculum is ethnocentric

MacNiel

Question 23

___ notes that the introduction of league tables encourages schools to engage in: cream skimming and silt shifting explain what they mean

Answer 23

Bartlett at al notes that the introduction of league tables encourages schools to engage in: cream-skimming and silt-shifting explain what they mean

Cream-skimming: 
‘Good’ schools can be more selective effectively choosing their own customers and recruiting high achieving mainly middle-class pupils

Silt-shifting:
“Good “schools can avoid taking less able pupils who are likely to get poor results and damage the schools league table position

Question 24

Ball and Gerwits identified three main types of parents:

Answer 24

Ball and Gerwits identified three main types of parents:

privileged-skilled chooses

Disconnected-local choosers

Semi-skilled chooses

Question 25

Ball and Gerwits identified three main types of parents:

privileged-skilled chooses

Disconnected-local choosers

Semi-skilled chooses

Explain each one

Answer 25

Ball and Gerwits identified three main types of parents:

privileged-skilled choosers:Professional middle-class parents who were able to exploit the new market place in education more than working-class parents

Disconnected-local choosers:Working-class parents who choices were restricted by their lack of cultural capital (less confident in their dealings and knowledge of schools) and economic capital (limited funds meant that the nearest school was often the only realistic option)

Semi-skilled choosers: Working class but were more ambitious for their children they too lacked cultural capital and economic capital and often had to rely on other peoples opinions about schools