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Meharry PATHOLOGY > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does a pathologist study

A

Causes and mechanisms of disease tissue alterations at surgery or autopsy, helps to come up with a diagnosis

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2
Q

What is the value of a clinical pathologist

A

Directs laboratories to examine and recognize disease

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3
Q

What are the 2 catergories of human pathology

A

Anatomical and clinical

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4
Q

What is anatomical pathology

A

Study of structural changes of tissues and cells and organs of disease . Includes direct examination of organs .

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5
Q

What is cytopathology

A

Study of cells .

Non GYn cytology - fine needle aspirate
GYn - Cytology - scrapings for the uterine cervix

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6
Q

Scrapings of the uterine cervix is called

A

Papanicoloulau procedure. Aka Pap smear

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7
Q

What is surgical pathology

A

Study of tissues removed from the living body aka biopsy

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8
Q

What is necropsy pathology

A

Study of organs and tissues removed form the body after death to confirm or correct the diagnosis , evaluate the result of treatment, determine the mechanism of death and extend knowledge of the disease

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9
Q

The quality control in the medical practice is ____

A

An autopsy

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10
Q

T/f surgical biopsy can be therapeutic and diagnostic

A

True

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11
Q

What 3 specialties fall under anatomical pathology

A

Surgical
Cytology
Necropsy

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12
Q

What is clinical pathology

A

Anatomical pathology

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13
Q

What is oral pathology

A

Looks at diseases affecting the oral regions

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14
Q

What is experimental pathology

A

Aka investigative pathology , looks at diseases through the microscopic or molecular examination of organs ,tissues cells and bodily fluids.

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15
Q

What is a disease

A

Any disturbance in of the structure and or function of the body or constituent parts

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16
Q

What is an organic disease

A

A disease associated with stuructual or morphological changes

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17
Q

What is a functional disease

A

A disease with No morphological changes

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18
Q

What is pathology

A

The study of the development of a disease and the functional and structural changes that may result

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19
Q

What is etiology

A

The study of disease , looks at the underlying causes of the disease

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20
Q

What is the trigger factor for a disease called

A

Immediate cause. These may be intrinsic or extrinsic

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21
Q

What is a precipitation cause

A

Acutely changing conditioning factors which permit the immediate cause to act such as the wetting and chilling of the body in the common cold

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22
Q

What are predisposing causes

A

General constitutional circumstances such as age, sex, socioeconomic status etc, which pave the way for the immediate cause to act .. such as how acute alcoholism is some causes of pneumonia and automobile accidents

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23
Q

What is the natural history of a disease

A

The usual course of a disease from beginning to end without treatment

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24
Q

What is pathogenesis

A

The sequence of events in the development of a disease from beginning to end

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25
Q

What are lesions

A

The structural alterations , recognizable by gross and microscopic pathology

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26
Q

Clinical expression and manifestation of a disease is known as

A

Symptoms and signs

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27
Q

_____ are used to distinguish one disease from another

A

Lesions

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28
Q

What are symptoms

A

Subject complaints such as pain, headache , nausea etc. things that you can not actually measure

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29
Q

What are signs

A

Objective findings detected through tests

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30
Q

A determination of the nature of the disease process and the organ and tissues affected is known as

A

A diagnosis

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31
Q

What is a therapy

A

Interrupts disease process through medical and surgical treatment

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32
Q

What is prognosis

A

Prediction of the outcome of a disease . Based upon accurate diagnosis , natural history of the disease and response to therapy

33
Q

Differences in eye color , weight, hair color etc refer to ..

A

Individuality

34
Q

What are congenital disease

A

A disease that is present at birth. May or may not be hereditary

35
Q

A disease due to a pathogenic agent is known is

A

Infectious disease

36
Q

What are degenerative disease

A

An interruption in blood flow to an area as well as wear and tear

37
Q

Traumatic diseases are caused by

A

Direct physical injury

38
Q

Stroke , arterosclorisis and osteoarthritis are known as …

A

Degenerative diseases

39
Q

What are immunological diseases

A

Result from congenital or acquired alterations of immunity, hyperactivity or deficiency . These are things like allergies .

40
Q

What are neoplastic diseases

A

Diseases in which certain cells become outlaw cells , multiplying rapidly and invading and destroying certain tissues

41
Q

Nutritional disease

A

Result from dietary intake

42
Q

Diabetes is an example of what kind of disease

A

Metabolic disease

43
Q

Sickle cell is what kind of disease

A

Molecular diseases

44
Q

What are psychosomatic diseases

A

Beginning in emotions

45
Q

What is a differential diagnosis

A

Differentiating between 2 diseases

46
Q

When has a disease manifested

A

When structural and functional changes can be recognized as abnormal

47
Q

An

A

Without

48
Q

Angeo

A

Without

49
Q

Crypto

A

Hidden

50
Q

Agnesis

A

Failure of the development of a primitive organ

51
Q

Fibroid

A

Name of tumor containing smooth muscle resembling fibrous tissue

52
Q

Renal tubulorhexis

A

Rupture or fragmentation of the tubules of the kidney

53
Q

Bronchiactaisis

A

Expansion or dialation of bronchi

54
Q

Dysplasia

A

Pre cancerous growth

55
Q

Cryptogenic

A

Of unknown origin

56
Q

Teleangiectiasis

A

Expansion or dilation of blood vessel

57
Q

Atelectasis

A

Failure of expansion of aveolar sacs

58
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Without period

59
Q

A disturbance of the structure or function of a body part is called

A

Disease

60
Q

7 general forms of a disease

A 
Degenerative 
Inflammatory 
Neoplastic
Developmental 
Nutritional 
Metabolic 
Molecular
61
Q

Etiology

A

Study of causes of a disease

62
Q

What are the 3 types of causes of a disease

A

Immediate
Precipitating
Predisposing

63
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Sequence of events in the development of a disease

64
Q

What is prognosis

A

Prediction of the outcome of a disease

65
Q

What are 3 ways to asses morphology

A

Gross features
Electron microscope
Light microscope

66
Q

What are 3 ways to assess manifestations of a disease

A

Signs
Symptoms
Ancillary findings

67
Q

What are the 3 kinds of therapeutic interventions

A

Medical
Surgical
Psychotherapeutic

68
Q

Mega

A

Large

69
Q

Meta

A

After, between

70
Q

Tele

A

Toward the end

71
Q

Algia

A

Pain

72
Q

Ectasia

A

Expansion

73
Q

Genic

A

Production

74
Q

-oid

A

Similar

75
Q

-Phaillia

A

Affinity for

76
Q

-Rhea

A

Flow

77
Q

-Rhexus

A

Rupture

78
Q

Benign

A

Tumor grows, but will not travel to another part of the body

79
Q

Which is worse malignant or benign tumor

A

Malignant

Meharry PATHOLOGY (4 decks)

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