exam 1

Question 1

a psychotherapy technique whose effectiveness has been supported by empirical research

Answer 1

evidence-based treatment

Question 2

the use of verifiable evidence as the basis for conclusions; collecting data systematically and using it to develop, support, or challenge a theory

Answer 2

empiricism

Question 3

a statement or set of statements that describes general principles about how variables relate to one another

Answer 3

theory

Question 4

a statement of the specific result the researcher expects to observe from a particular study, in the theory is accurate

Answer 4

hypothesis

Question 5

a set of observations representing the values of some variable, collected from one or more research studies

Answer 5

data

Question 6

a feature of a scientific theory, in which it is possible to collect data that will indicate that the theory is wrong

Answer 6

falsifiability

Question 7

the degree to which a theory provides the simplest explanation of some phenomenon. In the context of investigating a claim, the simplest explanation of a pattern of data; the best explanation that requires making the fewest exceptions or qualifications

Answer 7

parsimony

Question 8

a conclusion drawn from reviewing scientific literature and considering the proportion of studies that is consistent with a theory

Answer 8

weight of the evidence

Question 9

research whose goal is to find a solution to a particular real-world problem

Answer 9

applied research

Question 10

research whose goal is to enhance the general body of knowledge, without regard for direct application to practical problems

Answer 10

basic research

Question 11

research that uses knowledge derived from basic research to develop and test solutions to real-world problems

Answer 11

translational research

Question 12

a monthly or quarterly periodical containing peer-reviewed articles on a specific academic discipline or subdiscipline, written for a scholarly audience

Answer 12

journal

Question 13

news and commentary published or broadcast in the popular media and produced for a general audience

Answer 13

journalism

Question 14

a group in an experiment whose levels on the independent variable differ from those of the treatment group in some intended and meaningful way

Answer 14

comparison group

Question 15

a general term for a potential alternative explanation for a research finding; a threat to internal validity

Answer 15

confound

Question 16

an actor who is directed by the researcher to play a specific role in a research study

Answer 16

confederate

Question 17

describing the empirical method, stating that science is intended to explain a certain proportion (but not necessarily all) of the possible cases

Answer 17

probabilistic